心理动力学诊断与治疗：A类人格障碍
CLUSTER A PERSONALITY DISORDERSA类人格障碍PARANOID THINKING 偏执思维Paranoid thinking not necessarily pathological 偏执思维不一定是病理性的Paranoid Schizoid position (Klein) 偏执-分裂位（克莱因）Small or large group regressions 小群体或大群体退行PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER偏执型人格障碍Distinctly pathological, independent of the cultural factors确定的病理，独立于文化因素Not transient state growing out of group dynamics 不是出于团体动力交错下的过渡状态Pervasive and rigid style of thinking feeling, thinking and relating普遍而僵化的感觉、思维和关联模式DIAGNOSIS诊断Others are exploiting, harming or deceiving self 他人都是剥削的、有害的或者欺骗自己的Unjustified doubts about the loyalty of trustworthiness of close others 不公正地怀疑亲近的人对他的忠诚和信任Reluctant to confide in 不情愿讲真话Reads hidden demeaning or threating meanings into remarks of others 把他人的评论当成隐含贬低或威胁的意义Grudges心怀怨恨Attacks on reputation and character声誉和人格攻击Recurrent suspicions, without justification fidelity尽管没有证据，反复地怀疑忠贞PSYCHODYNAMIC UNDERSTANDING心理动力学理解Paranoid-schizoid position 偏执-分裂位Love and hate have to be split off 爱恨不得不分裂Good split off from bad 好从坏中分裂出来Constant fear of badness of the outside 对外界的坏持续的恐惧Projection, projective identification 投射、投射性认同Low self esteem 低自尊TREATMENT 治疗Very difficult, usually brought by others 很难，常常由他人带来Alliance building central 建立联盟是核心Accept blaming, guardedness 接受指责、保持警惕Shift locus from outside to in 由外向内的转换Paranoid schizoid to depressive position 偏执-分裂位到抑郁位SCHIZOID AND SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDERS分裂样和分裂型人格障碍Schizotypal linked to schizophrenia 分裂型与精神分裂症密切相关Attenuated form of schizophrenia 精神分裂症的减弱型SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER分裂样人格障碍No desire or enjoyment of close relationships, even in family 既不渴望也不享受亲近的人际关系，包括成为家庭中的一部分Solitary activities 独自活动Little interest in sexual activity 对性行为兴趣很少Little pleasure in any activity 几乎没有活动能够令其感到有乐趣Lack of close friends 没有亲密朋友Indifferent to praise and criticism 对表扬和批评都无所谓Emotionally cold, detached 情感冷淡、疏离SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER分裂型人格障碍Ideas of reference 牵连观念Odd beliefs, magical thinking 古怪的信念、魔幻思维Unusual perceptual experiences 不寻常的知觉体验Odd thinking/speech 古怪的思维和言语Suspiciousness 猜疑Inappropriate or constricted affect 不恰当或受限制的情感Odd, eccentric, lack of friends 古怪的、反常的、没有朋友Excessive social anxiety 过度的社交焦虑PSYCHODYNAMICS OF SCHIZOID/SCHIZOTYPAL PATIENTS分裂样和分裂型病人的心理动力学Inner world of schizoids are quite complicated and different from appearance分裂的人内在世界非常复杂，和外在的表现很不同Overtly detached, callous，covertly very sensitive and needy 明显的疏离、无情，隐蔽地非常敏感和匮乏Split self presentations 分裂自我展现Longing for and fear of and lack of skill in relatedness 渴望关系、恐惧关系，没有建立关系的技能
