浅谈小学英语命题

浅谈小学英语命题浅谈小学英语命题 测试的性质测试的性质n公平公正n练习题不等于测试题n评价是教学的一个环节n测试题目要有教育意义，但主要是评价意义n评价学生会了什么，能做什么n评价对教学的反拨作用考察？考查？The three periods 测试的三个阶段1设计阶段 Design2编制阶段 Operationalization3 执行（实实施）施）阶段 Administration The first period: Design 设计阶段nWhat do you want to test? 测量什么？nWhat are your testing objectives?测试的目的测试的目的 ?nHow many items can you involve in the test?你你认为哪些方面是需要测量的？认为哪些方面是需要测量的？nHow do you want to balance your items?你计划如何分布各个领域的权重？你计划如何赋分？nWhat is your construct validity?你如何体现你的构想效度？nWhat is the impact on your students?nHow many students are to involve in the test? 编制阶段编制阶段OperationalizationnWriting the test blueprint编制测试蓝图编制测试蓝图nForming the structure of the test确定确定试试卷卷结构结构nDesigning the tasks 设计设计大大题题nWriting the items设计设计小小题题nRevising and constructing the whole test整合整合试试卷卷nScoring赋赋分分nEditing 编辑编辑、修、修订订1编制测试蓝图编制测试蓝图A.试卷结构试卷结构 (Test Structure)(1)试题数量Number of parts and tasks(2)试题重点Salience of parts and tasks(3)试题顺序 Sequence of parts and tasks (4)试题之间的相关性 Relative importance of parts and tasks (5)试题中小题的数量 Number of tasks per part（6）试试卷形式卷形式The format of the test （7）页码数页码数量量The number of pages（8）试试卷的大小卷的大小The size of the test bookB. 试卷的具体特点试卷的具体特点Featuresn目的 Purposen构想的界定Definition of constructionn施测的条件与环境Settingn时间分配Time allotmentn指导语Instructionn语言输入的特点Characteristics of Inputn预期学生反馈的特点Characteristicsof expected responsesn计分方法Scoring method2.搭建试卷框架搭建试卷框架n(1)试卷由几个部分( Parts)组成 n(2)部分由几个大题(Tasks)组成 n(3)大题由几个小题(Items)组成 n(4)题型及其测试功能 n(5)知识目标分布 n(6)技能目标分布 n(7)综合应用目标分布 形式指标形式指标n1）文本的大小n2）文本成分（如试题，附表，附加题）n3）非文本形式（录音，录像等）n4）版式n5）语言的形式n - 书面的测试输入信息 - 录音的测试输入信息n - 指导语的语种 - 指导语的年龄关照n - 指导语的明确程度n6）图文的配合3. 编写试题编写试题n(1)选择素材(即原始语料) (2)对应题型 n(3)改写素材 (4)编写试题 n(5)调整难度 (6)修改试题 n(7)整体平衡(各大题难度，内容分布等) n(8)版式设计(文字，图表，图画，注解) n(9)撰写绘图说明或提供草图 n(10)校对(含校对图表和图画)n(11)定第一稿 4.整合试卷整合试卷 (1)全面评价构想效度 (2)局部调整 (3)做题思路检验(试做试题) (4)发现问题 (5)局部改写 (6)局部更换(在成稿后，此步往往被忽略) (7)完成试卷 (8)制备附件(录音稿，答案)5. 细化赋分系统细化赋分系统n(1)总分 n(2)大题分值及整体权重 n(3)小题分值 n(4)高分值的细分 n(5)不可细分的高分值限度(如写话总分的控制) n(6)最小分值(避免0.5分) n(7)细化赋分与试题总量的关系 试题命制的基本原则试题命制的基本原则n试题命制的基本程序试题命制的基本程序n试题命制的基本要求试题命制的基本要求试题命制的基本程序试题命制的基本程序1确定全卷的难度和考点2根据考点编写确定题干和选项3写选项（以受试者环绕本题的考 点可能会产生的反应为依据）4修整题干和选项（简洁、排列）5调整全卷的难度和答案的分布Elements of multiple choice 1）多项选择题的结构）多项选择题的结构 Look! Nancy is _ a kite in the park.A. fly B. flies C. flying Stem题干题干Options选项选项Distractor干扰项The key答案答案2）题干设计）题干设计 - 语境设置：图画、图表、语段- 要素分析（语言、逻辑、语用）- 测试点:一题一个 - 题干调整：简洁，不给暗示 situational and meaning. ( (题干调整)Look! Nancy is _ a kite in the park.A. flyB. flies C. flying Look! Nancy _ a kite in the park.A. flyB. flies C. is flying _ is it? Its my mothers.A. WhatB. Who C. Whose_ it? Its my mothers.A. WhatsB. Whos C. Whose is题干中可能重复出现的单词不要出现在选项中Whats the matter with him?A. His arm hurts B. His shoulder hurts C. His finger hurtsWhats the matter with him? His _ hurts. A. arm B. shoulder C. fingerPicture 1题干中应避免泄露答案nLook! The monkey has a long _ . A. short B. tail C. legn在编写试题时，除了避免试题本身泄露答案以外，还应注意一套试题中前后是否泄露前后题答案之处避免暗示或错误答案1.The car is _ than that one.A. bigB. more bigC. bigerD. bigger2.They are _ the floor.A. sweep B. sweeping C. sweeps D. sweepping选项要简洁Where is Ann going? A. She is going to the zoo. B. She is going to the park. C. She is going to the museum.Listening 试题命制的基本要求试题命制的基本要求1语言正确、地道、得体、简洁 语言测试以何为纲？ 意义（信息），还是形式（语码）？2避免由于文化等造成的偏颇性3考点明确4 避免出诡题（tricky items）5 避免透露答案线索 避免由于文化等造成的偏颇性 Its one of the biggest cities in America. A. New York B. Beijing C. Toronto情景与语言的得体周末妈妈要带你去溜冰,在商场买溜冰鞋时,售货员问你A. How big are your feet?B. How tall are you?C. How big are your hands?情景与语言的得体When you are doing shopping for skating, the sales girl asks：A. Whats the size of your shoes?B. Where did you get the coat?C. How big are your bags?考点明确考点明确n考点应属于本大题的测试领域考点应属于本大题的测试领域 n立足于每题只考一个考点，或考能够糅合为一立足于每题只考一个考点，或考能够糅合为一的多个考点（考点因素），但必须避免牵扯不的多个考点（考点因素），但必须避免牵扯不相关、互相干扰的考点相关、互相干扰的考点n每题无论是一个或几个考点，但考点必须明确每题无论是一个或几个考点，但考点必须明确 Lucy _ to school by bus. _mother goes to work on foot. A. goes, His B. goes, Her C. is going, ShenLucy goes to school by bus，and _ mother goes to work on foot. A. his B. her C. theirnLucy _ to school by bus, but her mother goes to work on foot. A. goes B. go C. is going考点？ Jacks uncle is _astronaut. _ is 40. A. a, She B. the, She C. an, HeWe _ be good to wild animals. We _ hunt them.A. shouldnt should B. should shouldnt C. should should答案的唯一Do you have _water? Yes, I do.A. some B. any C. a- Do you have _water? - Yes, I do.A. some/any B. little C. few干扰项的命制干扰项的命制（MCMC）n选择项不能互相牵连、覆盖n选择项尽可能一致（长短、结构、类属、难度） 选择项的一致3. How do Chinese people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival? A. They have a big dinner with their family, enjoy the moon and the moon cakes and tell the story of Change .B. Give thanks to God.C. People eat turkey and pumpkin pies. Listen and choose（根据录音选择正确答案，读三遍）1. After you play some sport, you feel_. A. thirsty B. hungry C. tired2. So you want to _. A. have a meal B. drink some water or juice C. have a rest3. Anything cold is _for your stomach. A. good B. warm C. bad4.If you are ill, your parents will _you. A. worry about B. talk to C. look at5.If you are ill, you ca