TED演讲-COVID-19如何改变了医学的未来DanielKraft(中英文参考学习)10

【演讲者及介绍】Daniel KraftDaniel Kraft探讨了应用于健康和医学的快速发展技术的影响和潜力。【演讲主题】COVID-19如何改变了医学的未来How COVID-19 transformed the future of medicine00:10As a small child, I was lucky to be at the launch of Apollo 17, the last manned mission to the Moon, and I've remained enamored with space ever since. And fortunate as a physician to have contributed to NASA life sciences research and to practice aerospace medicine, inspired by the cross-disciplinary teamwork required to tackle audacious challenges and how space is has often brought the world together through the lens of seeing our planet as one without borders. Now, just as the historic Apollo moon landings were transformational inflection points in history, so too is the global health crisis of COVID-19, which, despite its many challenges and tragedies, like the sinister Cold War setting, which launched the space race, can have silver linings. As Regina Dugan, former head of DARPA, wrote,“Sputnik set off the space age, COVID can spark the health age.”01:02The silver linings include the unprecedented acceleration of innovation, collaboration and discovery, catalyzing a future of health and medicine that can help us reimagine and bring us a healthier, smarter, more equitable post-COVID world. Now, many solutions ride the rails of rapidly, exponentially developing technologies that are rapidly doubling in their speed-price performance, as exemplified by Moore's Law, which has enabled the billionfold improvements in memory and computation, resulting in the ubiquitous supercomputer smartphones most of us carry in our pockets. I still have my now ancient iPhone 2 here. Still works, which felt magical 12 years ago but now feels slow and kludgy. And I'm sure my iPhone 11 will soon seem antique, perhaps as its features dissolve into the rumored to soon arrive augmented reality smartglasses.01:51Now exponential technologies packed into our smart devices are becoming increasingly medicalized, with sensors able to detect an ear infection and more. So what used to fit on a desktop computer now fits on our wrist and these are now entering the domain of FDA-approved medical devices. But the future isn't about any one technology, but their convergence as they get faster, cheaper, better. In fact, creating entire new fields at their interfaces, from computational biology, robotic surgery, digiceuticals, telemedicine to AI-enabled radiology. And while many industries have been disrupted and breached the fourth industrial age, health and medicine often feel stuck in the second or third. Critical data is still stuck being shared on fax machines, paper forms. We're stuck in waiting rooms waiting for our visits. I recently had my own echocardiogram only made available to share with me on a CD-ROM. I don't even own a CD-ROM player anymore.02:50Tools for managing pandemics in 2020 rely on the same core technologies used in the pandemic of 1918: face masks, social distancing, handwashing. So part of the challenge in advancing global, local health are our models, our mindsets. We don't really practice health care. We practice sick care. Sick care is based on intermittent episodic data, usually only obtained within the four walls of the clinic or hospital bed, and leads to our reactive sick care model, where we wait for the patient to show up in the emergency room with a heart attack, stroke or late-stage cancer or for the pandemic to arrive on our shores.03:29I believe the convergence of many of the accelerating technologies and approaches being catalyzed by COVID will bring us from intermittent sick care to an age of continuous, proactive, personalized, crowdsourced health care that can increasingly bring care anytime, anywhere more effectively and lower costs around the planet.03:49For example, the convergence of ever smaller interconnected devices now riding 5G is creating not just an Internet of Things but an Internet of Medical Things. Much of this convergence is in the field of digital health, the ability to connect the dots between data sources from personal genomics and medical records with apps and services that match the needs of an individual, patient or caregiver. And as incentives and reimbursements align, COVID has pushed us to an increasingly virtualized care, from the hospital to home to our phone to on and even inside our bodies. The age of hospital to home-spital is upon us.04:28Now, the challenge of this hyperconnected age is that we're creating exponential amounts of big data that's too often siloed in formats that can't even talk to each other. So we need to narrow that gap between data, turning that into actual information for the patient, physician, public health worker, and speed its safe and effective use in the community clinic and bedside. The pandemic has instigated an immense amount of international sharing and collaboration amongst clinicians and researchers to narrow that gap. What was learned in managing patients in Wuhan and then in