蒙大英语国家-英国概况教案04 British education

Lecture Four Education in UK(By Li Huirong)Warming-Up Questions: 1. What do you think are among the most outstanding changes in the English education system since the 19th century?2.What does the “streaming” system mean to you? Do you think the system is reasonable? Why?I A survey of British educationMore than 90 percent of pupils in the UK attend publicly-funded state schools. Approximately 8.5 million children attend one of the 30,000 schools in England and Wales; in Scotland, 830,000 children attend about 5,000 schools, including pre-schools and other special education schools; and Northern Ireland sends 350,000 children to 1,300 state schools. Primary schools usually include both girls and boys as pupils. Secondary schools may be either single-sex or co-educational.The relevant education departments in England, Scotland and Wales dispense funding for schools through a Local Education Authority (or Education Authority in Scotland). In Northern Ireland, schools are largely financed from public funds through five Education and Library Boards.II Change & Reform in SchoolsThe 1870 reformDevelopment from a limited and voluntary schooling to an expanded and compulsory education system.v Before 1870 school set up by churches, 40% of children aged 10 attendedv From 1870 onwards government took responsibility for education in response to changes caused by industrial revolution and movement for social & political reformv The 1944 Act in England& Wales gave all children the right to free secondary educationv 1960s introduction of comprehensive schools early selection & streaming not fair, equal educational opportunities & meritocracyv In 1999 85% of children attended comprehensive schools while 16% went to remaining gr. schools or private schools, problems of streaming still remain, holding back of brighter students, unjustified labelling The tripartite system for secondary educationA system of secondary education streaming 11 year-old children at the end of their primary education into secondary modern, technical and grammar schools respectively.v at end of primary education children are selected by means of streaming. Those on the top stream (20%) went to grammar schools. The rest went to secondary modern and technical schools Basic structure for the systemv Primary schools Compulsory schooling starts at 5 Co-educational and a class-teacher system Three-term school yearv Secondary schools Compulsory schooling extends up to 16 The selective system, comprehensive system and independent schools Sixth form colleges/ tertiary collegesv Other schools County schools Voluntary schoolsIII Features of British education Freedom as the feature of British education as a wholev Comparative independence of the local education authoritiesv Absence of centralized time-tables and syllabusesv Different types of schoolsv Diverse system of university degreesIV Schools Todayv Schools Today Primary Phasev Schools Today Secondary Phasev Schools Today-Independent Schoolsv Schools Today- Universitiesv Schools Today- Open Universityv Schools Today- Teacher Trainingv Schools Today- ExamsSchools Today Primary Phasev Pre-school education is available (often on a fee-paying basis) for children aged two to four/five through playgroups and nursery schools. The emphasis is on group work, creative activity and guided play v Compulsory education begins at five in England, Wales and Scotland and four in Northern Ireland v There is little or no specialist subject teaching and great emphasis on literacy and numeracy in early years v The usual age for transfer to secondary schools is eleven in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and twelve in Scotland. Schools Today Secondary Phase v Compulsory education ends at age sixteen, though many pupils stay on beyond the minimum leaving age . The main exam pupils should take is GCSE. v About 90% of state secondary school pupils in England, Wales and Scotland go to comprehensive schools, which provide a wide range of secondary education for most children of all abilities from a district in the eleven to eighteen age range (twelve to eighteen in Scotland) v At age sixteen pupils in England and Wales may transfer to sixth form colleges or tertiary colleges ,leading to GCE A levelSchools Today-Independent Schoolsv Fee-paying, known as public schoolsv 7% of schoolchildren attendingv Good teaching staffv Eton educated 19 Prime Ministers, 6 Chancellors of Exchequers, Shelley, Orwell, founded in 1440 by HENRY VI to educate sons of the poor for service of church & state. (see p69 for more)Schools Today- Universitiesv 110 universities in UK. 93 in England, 13 in Scotland, 2 in Wales and 2 in N. Irelandv Over 42% of pupils become university students on leaving school at 18v Two other main universities. University of Buckingham (800 student