2015年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题（含解析）

?1? ? ? ?2015年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题第 1 页，共 87 页Directions: Section I Use of English Read the following text. Choose the best word( s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C orD on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1 % of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 . The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 While 1 % may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin. The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 functional kinship of being friends with 14 One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor. The findings do not simply explain peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population. .1. (-3-14 yf) 20 that 2015年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题第 2 页，共 87 页1. A when B why C how 2. A defended B concluded C withdrawn 3. A for B with C on 4. A compared B sought C separated 5. AJ tests BJ objects CJ samples 6. A insignificant BJ unexpected C unreliable 7. A visit B miss C seek 8. A resemble BJ influence C favor 9. AJ again BJ also CJ instead 10. A Meanwhile BJ Furthermore C Likewise 11. AJ about BJ to CJ from 12. A drive B observe C confuse 13. A according to BJ rather than CJ regardless of 14. A chances B responses C missions 15. AJ later BJ slower C faster 16. A J forecast B remember CJ understand 17. A unpredictable BJ contributory C controllable 18. A endeavor BJ decision CJ arrangement 19. A political B religious C ethnic 20. A see B show C prove Section II Reading Comprehension PartA Directions: D what DJ advised D by D connected DJ examples DJ incredible D know DJ surpass D thus DJ Perhaps DJ like D limit DJ along with D benefits D earlier D express D disruptive D tendency D economic D tell Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) .2. (-3-14 yf) 2015年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题第 3 页，共 87 页Text 1 King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles? The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above mere politics and embody a spirit of national unity. It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican city and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history - and sometimes the way they behave today - embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modem democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1 %, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image. While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart