2021年全国硕士研究生考试英语（二）真题（原卷）

2021年全国硕士研究生考试英语（二）真题第 1 页，共 15 页Section I Use of English Directions : Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Its not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1 , to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted. Travel on a London bus and youll 3 see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are 5 . How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists. Why? Because the target is 6 . People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7 , the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the target was changed to 10 , you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time. There is another 12 : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight. The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a 17 . Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences. This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to 19 just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective. 2021年全国硕士研究生考试英语（二）真题第 2 页，共 15 页1. A J therefore 2. A J Emphasize 3. AJ nearly 4. AJ claim 5. A J threatened 6. AJ punctuality 7. AJ Yet 8. AJ hired 9. AJ only 10. AJ comfort 11. A J friendly 12. AJ purpose 13. A J reported 14. AJ break 15. AJ moral 16. A J interpret 17. AJ task 18. AJ leading to 19. AJ specify 20. AJ modify Part A Directions : BJ however CJ again DJ moreover BJ Identify CJ Assess DJ Explain BJ curiously CJ eagerly DJ quickly BJ prove CJ check DJ recall BJ ignored CJ mocked DJ blamed BJ hospitality CJ competition DJ innovation BJ So CJ Besides DJ Still BJ trained CJ rewarded DJ grouped BJ rather CJ once DJ also BJ revenue CJ efficiency DJ security BJ quiet CJ cautious D J diligent BJ problem CJ prejudice DJ policy BJ revealed CJ admitted DJ noticed BJ trip CJ departure D J transfer BJ background CJ style DJ form BJ criticize CJ sacrifice DJ tolerate BJ secret CJ product DJ cost B J calling for C J relating to DJ accounting for BJ predict CJ restore DJ create BJ review CJ present DJ achieve Section II Reading Comprehension Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) 2021年全国硕士研究生考试英语（二）真题第 3 页，共 15 页Text 1 Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind. We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 per cent of the core skills within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline. The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are. That does not always happen. AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. Other companies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers, even at times and in regions where unemployment is high. With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February, at 3.5 per cent and 5 .5 per cent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.