2005 考研英语(一)真题

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read thetext. Choose the best word(s)each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to beinsensitive smellers compared with animals, _l _ this is largely because,Lanimals,we stand upright. This means that our noses are _ 3_ to perceiving thosesmells which oat through theIn _ 5_ ,we are extremely sensitive to smells,_ 6_ we do notnoses are smells even when these toin one million.the majority of smells which stick torealize it.below one partStrangely,some people nd that they can smell one type of ower but notanother,_9_ others are sensitive to the smells of both owers. This may bebecause some people do not have the genesreceptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and sendto the brain. However,it has been that even people insensitive to a certaincan suddenly become sensitive to it when to it enough.The explanation insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain nds itbut 15 new receptors ifexplain why we are not usually sensitive totosmellsmellto keep all smellnecessary. This mayownsmells- we simply do not need to be. We areof the usual smell of our ownhouse,but we 18 new smells when we visit someone elses. The brain nds itbest to keep smell receptors and emergency signals 20 thesmell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of re.- 1 - 1. A althoughB asC butD while2. A aboveB unlikeC excludingC dedicatedC missingD besidesD connedD trackingD3. A limited4. A catching5. A anyway6. A even if7. A distinguishing8. A diluted9. A whenB committedB ignoringB thoughC insteadB if onlyC only ifD as ifB discoveringB dissolvedC determiningC dispersedD detectingDB sinceCD whereasD10.A unusual11.A signsB particularB stimuliB at allC uniqueC messagesC at largeC drawnD impulsesD at timesD exposedD insucientD create12.A at rst13.A subjected14.A ineective15.A introduce16.A stillBB incompetentB summonB alsoC inecientC triggerC otherwiseC awareD neverthelessD tired17.A sureB sick18.A tolerate19.A available20.A similar toB repelC neglectC identiableC along withD noticeD suitableD asideB reliableB such asSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read thetexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)- 2 - Text 1Everybody loves apay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if youthat a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputationslacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human",with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this nelydeveloped sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal ofEmory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published insuggests that it is all too monkey. as well.The researchers studied the behaviour ofbrown capuchin monkeys. Theylook cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share theirreadily. Above all, like theirattention to the value of "goods and services" than males.Such characteristics them candidateshumanthey tend to pay much closerDr. Brosnans and Dr. deWaalstokensrockThe researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchangeNormally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces ofslices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate butadjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting inits rock, their behaviour became markedly dierent.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and muchtoher token, thea mere piece of cucumber. And if onereceived a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the othereither tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or tocucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchangesecond was reluctant to hand hers overaccept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the otherchamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in acapuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided bysocial emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animalFeelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.a lesser reward completely makes these abundantly clear to otherit is not being cheated.members of the group. However,