名词性从句-宾语从句

名词性从句宾语从句名词性从句：是指在复合句中的作用相当于名词的从句。包括：宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句四种从句宾语从句一定义: 在复合句中作宾语的句子, 通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词 )或介词之后。 （注意仍然是找出两个动词）I dont think so. I dont think（that） its very funny.（宾语从句）I think (that) she is beautiful .I heard (that )he joined the army.I didnt know whether I could survive until morning.Im afraid (that) I dont quite follow you, sir. May I ask you how much money you have? 二学习宾语从句应该注意的问题（宾语从句高考考查主要内容）：1.引导词（连接词）的选择与判断；2.语序：不倒装（陈述句语序） ；3.时态：注意主、从句时态的呼应1.连接词：引导词连接词：that, whether, if连接疑问代词 who，whom, whose, which ，what连接疑问副词：when、where、why 、 how 等宾语从句是：（1）主句的谓语动词通常是及物动词（可以直接接物坐宾语的动词） ，这样才可以接有宾语从句。He askedwhose spacesuit it is.Will you tellme how I can keep fit and healthy?（2）宾语从句是陈述句：He is a student.他是个学生。 （主+系+表） 放在宾语从句中后He says（that）he is a student_ （他说他是个学生。 ）Where did he lose his wallet? 放在宾语从句中后He didnt know where he lost his wallet. (主+谓+ 宾)小结：陈述句的宾语引导词用 （that）无词义，可以省略，但是其它的引导词不可以省。（3） 一般疑问句：Is he a studnt? 他是个学生吗？ 放在宾语从句中后，加“whether /if 是否”，宾语从句用陈述句I ask him _whether (if) he is a student_(我问他是否是个学生)小结：一般疑问句作宾语从句，引导词用 whether 或 if，有词义,“是否”，不作句子成分，不可以省。（4）特殊疑问句： Who is he? 他是谁？I dont know _who he is._（我不知道他是谁？） 特殊疑问句作宾语从句，引导词用 特殊疑问词 ，必须作句子成分，不可以省。2.语序宾语从句的语序：从句用陈述句语序：连接词+主语+ 谓语+其他成分We know （that） we should study hard .I asked her if/whether she had a bike.Could you tell us how much it costs?如：判断正误（或×）When will he go to the library?His brother asks when he will go to the library .His brother asks when will he go to the library . 3.时态：宾语从句的时态主（句）现在时（从句）任意 ，主（句）过（去）从（句）也过（去时）Who is your teacher?I know who is your teacher.I knew who was your teacher.注意:主（句）过（去） ，从（句）现表真理（当从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时） 。The earth is bigger than the moon. My mother told me (合并句子)My mother told me (that) the earth is bigger than the moon. 补充点：1. 否定的转移: 若主语谓语动词为 think, consider, believe, expect, guess, imagine 等, 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。I think. . this dress doesnt fits you well. (我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)本身句子变成宾语从句为：I think this dress doesnt fit you well.I dont think this dress fits you well. 2. it 常可以放在动词 think, find, consider, believe, feel, make 等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语 that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month. 从句的意思就等于 it3.（whether 和 if 常可互换表“ 是否”）只能用 whether 的情况:（不用 if）.在介词之后eg: It all depends on whether they will support us. . 与 or not 连用We didnt know whether or not she was ready.I dont know （是否要下雨） . 在动词不定式之前 I dont know whether to die or to survive.