初中英语语法--形容词和副词的用法讲析及练习
1形容词和副词【新课标考点】1.掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则；2.熟练掌握形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的用法；3.熟练掌握表示时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问等副词的用法；4.能熟练运用表示两者之间的比较，或表示三者或三者以上的比较的句型；5.初步掌握运用 much，a little 等副词来修饰形容词、副词比较级的用法；6.初步掌握常用的同义副词用法上的区别：如 also，too，either，already，yet 等，以及一些其他表达方式。【新课标知识】形容词：用来修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的英语单词。如：nice，好看的； big，大的；afraid ，害怕的等。一 形容词的种类及作用1.性质形容词：直接说明人和事物的性质特征的形容词，有等级变化；可作定语，表语和宾语补足语。The handbag is very beautiful. 这个包很漂亮。 （表语）Mr Chen always makes our English class interesting. 陈老师总使得我们的英语课堂生动有趣。 （宾语补足语）2.叙述形容词：只能作表语，又叫表语形容词；大多数以 a 开头，如：afraid 害怕；alone 单独的；alive 活着的；asleep 睡着的；awake 醒来的；well 健康的； ill 病的；二、形容词的位置（1）名词之前：Good idea 好主意！Beijing is a beautiful city.北京是一个美丽的城市。（2）不定代词之后：There is something wrong with my bike.我自行车有问题。（3）表语后置：The building is three hundred meters tall.这栋楼房三百米高。副词:副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。 一、副词的分类和作用: 21) 时间和频度副词: now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,lately,next,last,already, ever, never, yet, soon , too, hardly, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday. 2) 地点副词: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3) 方式副词: Carefully , suddenly, normally, fast, well, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4) 程度副词: much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, enough, almost5) 疑问副词: how, when, where, why. 6) 关系副词: when, where, why. 7) 连接副词: how, when, where, why, whether. 副词的用法: 副词在句中可作状语。 You speak English quite well.你英语讲的很好。 二、副词的位置: 1) 多数副词都可以放在动词的后面,如果动词带有宾语,副词就放在宾语后面。 I get up early in the morning everyday.我每天早早起床。 I have seen this film twice with my friends.这部电影我和朋友看过两次。 2) 副词修饰形容词,副词时,放在前面 ,而被修饰的词在后面。 It's rather easy, I can do it.这很容易,我能做到。 He did it quite well.他做得相当好。 3) 频度副词可放在实义动词前面,情态动词和助动词后面。 I often help him these days.这些日子我经常帮助他。 I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。 4) 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。 When do you study everyday?你每天什么时间学习? 3How much does this bike cost?这辆车子多少钱？ 5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面，时间副词在后面。 We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday. 昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了. What were you doing in the classroom yesterday evening? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么？ 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1、规则变化：（一直加二去 e 三变 y 四双写）一般的比较级和最高级在形容词或副词后加-er 或-est ，如：small smaller smallest以不发音-e 结尾的形容词或副词去掉 e 加 er 或 est，如：large largest largest以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词和副词，把“y”变“i”，再加 er 或-est.如：busybusierbusiest 重读闭音节词尾是一个辅音字母的，需双写该辅音字母，再加-er 或-est，如 bigbigger biggest；hothotterhottest.2、一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加 more 和 most，如：slowly more slowly most Slowlydifficultmore difficultmost difficultbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful；中考易混点：hungry-hungrier-hungriestFrirendly-more friendly-most friendlyCrowdly-more crowdly-most crowdly 3、不规则的变化：good / wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad / ill / badlyworseworstlittlelessleastfar farther / further farther / furthestold-older/elder-oldest/eldest4(记忆妙招：两好、两坏、两多、一远、一老、一少)、形容词和副词的等比句型asas 和一样例如： Im as tall as you. 我和你一样高not as（so）as 不和 一样（在否定句中常用 so 来代替 as）如，I cant run so fast as you.我没有你跑得快。另外 asas possible 为固定结构，如，as soon as possible， as quickly as possible 等。在以上两个句型中形容词或副词一定要用原级。、形容词和副词的其它句型还有： 形容词/ 副词 比较级 + than 句型 ，在 than 后面的人称代词用主语和宾语均可。如：He is older than I / me. 但是如果人称代词后有动词时，则只能用主格形式。如： Tom found more red leaves than I did.汤姆比我找到红叶多“the+比较级，the +比较级” 结构表示两个变化一起发生。如：The more you learn，the more youll know.学得多知道得也多。“more and more” 结构（指两个形容词比较级用 and 连接）表示持续不断的变化。 如： Im getting thinner and thinner. 我越来越瘦。Beijing is getting more and more beautiful。北京变得越来越美。4.主+be+the+最高级+in/of (三者比较 )Eg:Shanghai is most beautiful city in China.5.one of the+最高级+ 名词复数，表示“之一”Eg:Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers6.形容词比较级表示最高级Eg:A:Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.B:Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上 任何一个 学生都高。C:Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上 其他所有的 学生都高。57表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加 the。如：who is the older of the tow boys?、修饰形容词和副词的比较级的副词要用 much， a lot， a little， a bit， far 等，very 不能和比较级连用。如： The blouse I bought yesterday is a little less expensive. 昨天我买的衬衣比较便宜。形容词的一些搭配，如：be glad / happy/ pleased to do 很高兴做某事 be sorry to do 很抱歉，很遗憾做某事 be sure to do 一定/相信会做某事 be ready to do 准备好做某事，乐于做某事 get ready to do 为做好准备等等。【新课标考题】基础训练一、用所给单词的适当形式填空：1. John is _(tall) than Sam. 2. Lin Lin is the _ (young) in our class.3. The man took off his shoes and put them under his bed very _(quiet).4. Ann felt very _ (happy) at her birthday party.5. Which is _ (far) from us, the sun or the moon?6. She looks _ (thin) than me.7. It snowed _ (heavy) last night and now the streets are covered with snow. 8. Mr. Benson seems to be the _ (busy) man in the world.9.“The sooner, the _ (good)”, Uncle Wang said. 10. Jack has the _ (little) bread of the three boys.二、
