高三英语定语从句高考考点讲解ppt课件

定 语 从 句,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行词,放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句,关系词,连接作用,1.,2.,在从句中充当成分,后,关系词,1.,关系代词,2.,关系副词,1.,指人,2.,指物,3.,指某一情况,that,who,whom,whose,that,which,whose,which,as,不能放于句首,放于句中或句首,“正如”,when,where,why,(主语/宾语),(状语),1、_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （04江苏） A. Which B. When C. What D. As 2、John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. （01北京春季） Ahe Bthis Cwhich Dwho,1)非限制性定语从句一般采用 which 或 as 来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点： （1）as 引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后。（2）从意义上讲，which 指前面主句的内容；而 as 指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象那样、正如所的”。 （3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用 which，而不用 as，,考点一：关系代词: as,D,C,注意 the same as / such as 的使用问题 当先行词被 the same 所修饰时，关系词既可以用 as，也可以用 that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。 This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。 在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用： I have the same opinion as / that you have.,Such as 与such that He is such a good teacher _ we all love and respect. A that B. as C. who D. so,B,他是那样一位好老师，我们大家都热爱和尊敬他,他是一位我们大家都热爱和尊敬的好老师,He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him.,He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect.,1.a.It is such an interesting book _ we all want to read twice. b. It is such an interesting book_ we all want to read it twice. A as, as B. that, that C. as, that D. that, as 2.I have never heard such stories _ he tells. A.As B. that C. which D. what,C,A,考点二：分析有无先行词,巧解定语从句试题 先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词,没有它的存在,定语从句就不能成立。,例1: He made another wonderful discovery ,_of great importance to science. A. which I think isB. which I think it is C. which I think itD. I think which is,因为定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的词,故B、C为错误选项,另外关系代词应紧接在先行词后面,所以插入语I think应放在关系代词后面。,A,例2: Is this factory_ you visited yesterday? A. Which B. thatC. where D. the one,不少同学可能会将factory作为先行词而误选A或B,其实将该句还原成陈述句This factory is_you visited yesterday.时,可以清楚地发现该定语从句缺少在从句中作宾语的先行词,所以应填the one。,D,例3: The students in our class study harder than _are in their class. A. who B. those whoC. thatD. which,分析语境含义及句子结构可知,该空缺少先行词和在定语从句中作主语的关系代词,所以应填those who。,B,考点三：有时先行词含义较为抽象,较难看出其属性,应多加思索并认真分析后才能正确解题。,例1: Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. whichC. whileD. why,析:先行词situation意为“处境”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。,例2: I can think of many cases_students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. whyB. whichC. asD. where,析:many cases 意为“场合”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。,例3: Her illness will not develop to the point_ no medicine can cure her. A. whereB. whichC. thatD. as,析:point意为“地步”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。,考点四： whose指物时可与of which等互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系。如：,This is the book,the cover of which whose cover,is blue.,1) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from_effects the people are still suffering. （05天津卷） A. that B. whose C. those D. what 2) George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (04北京） A. the real nameB. what his real name C. his real nameD. whose real name,B,D,“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题2），又能作宾语（如题1）。whose 的先行词常用来指人（如题2），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题1），这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which” 。题1可变为：from the effects of which ,考点五：关系代词和关系副词的比较,1、Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? （05北京春季） A. where B. when C. that D. what 2、There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. （04全国II） A. whereB. which C. when D. that,C,A,当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应该用 which 或 that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用 when 或 where。题1中的 farm 作 visited 的宾语，故选C；题2中的 trousers 作 wiped 的地点状语，故选A。,考点六：介词加关系代词引导定语从句,1、The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05江苏卷) A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 2、He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. （05山东卷） A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this,C,C,题1中 the place 在定语从句中作 to be built 的地点状语，此处的 at which 相当于 where; 后面是表语从句，表示建在某地。题2表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选C。,介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中 的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题：,关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人，which 指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如： Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to? The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke.,2. 要确认关系代词前用什么介词，需根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。,解题思路,1。通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型。,4。将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。,2。题干若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序,3。观察设空的前前后后，确地定从句的性质，回忆相关从句的用法特点。从中作出取舍。,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day