中考英语定语从句讲解

定语从句请看下面的句子：I want to know the boy who is the tallest.句子做定语修饰boy（一）概念 :定语从句： 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。（二） 定语从句的分类、限定性定语从句： 从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。e.g:This is the book that/which I want.、非限定性定语从句： 是对先行词的补充说明， 没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。e.g:Mr. Green， who is watching TV， is my uncle.（三） ( 限定性 ) 定语从句的结构Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which, who, whom,whose, thatwhere, when, why（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）Mary is a girl.合并为一个句子She has long hair.思路：留（保留先行词）-舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）-替（用关系词代替舍去部分）Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.请把下列句子二句合一1. I saw the man.He closed the door2.The girl is happy. She won the race3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen（五）定语从句关系词的确定:a. 先行词的分类b. 先行词在从句中充当的成分1.先行词做主语人： who/that物： which/that2.先行词做宾语人： who/whom/that物： which/that3.先行词做定语人： whose物： whose/of which4.先行词做状语： when,wher e, whywho, whom, whose, that用法区别 .who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语.The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.做题思路：先分解分析再合并分解The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.作主语Whom /that作定语从句的宾语The woman （ whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.分解The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.作宾语注意 :关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.whose 作定语从句的定语.I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语小结：关系词判断步骤首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人, 关系词可能就用如果先行词指物, 关系词可能用which 或 that然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主语宾语人who, thatwho(m), that物which,which,thatthatwho,thatwhom, whose。定语whosewhose,of which巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况：(1) 先行词为all,everything， anything， nothing,something,nothing,few,little,much, the one等不定代词时；(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only,the very,the last,any, few, little,no, all, one of等修饰时：(3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含last)修饰时。（ 4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。(5) 在以 who, which 开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that 准没错先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.请在以下例句中体会以上规则：1. Here is something that I will tell you.2.We havent got much that we can offer you.3. Is it the one that you want ?4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see. 6.Which is the bike that you lost?7.Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?（七）只能使用 whi ch 的情况1. 关系代词前有介词时；2. 先行词本身是 t hat 时；3. 非限定定语从句口诀 : 要有 whi ch 别着急，4. 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师 The young man介词提前逗隔离。e. g: 1. Thi s2. Shei s t he cl assr oom i n has t wo dol l s， whi chwhi ch we st udi ed f or ar e f r om her par ent st wo year .单项选择：1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. this2. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. as3. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A. the oneB. whichC. whoD. whom 4.Is this factorya lot of students visited ?A. the oneB. whichC. whoD. who5. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. whichB. thatC. /D. it6. The girlhanded everything_ she had picked up in the streetto theA. whichB. in whichC. thatD. all 7. _ cleans the blackboard should bepraised.A. ThatB. WhoC. The one whoD. The students whopolice.注意：当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（ 4,7 题）完成下列句子：1. 这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.who saved the boy s lifeThis is the doctor2. 正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.who is runningThe manis my uncle.3. 我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。I saw a womanwhose bag was stolen /whose bag was lost.is a teacher.who lives next door注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。【定语从句中考真题演练】1、 There are lots of things _ I need to prepare before the trip. (A. whoB. thatC. whom2、 Jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything.A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who河北省卷D. whose（吉林省通化市）)3、 I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday.（江苏省南京市）