高中英语非谓语动词的用法讲解

非谓语动词 语法讲解,the ninth senior school sinan county,Non-finite,非谓语动词的类型:,Infinitive 不定式,Gerund 动名词,Participle 分词,Non-finite,Structure :,to be done,Infinitive:,to do,Negative (否定):,not to do,Passive voice:,(1). 主语 Subject,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语.,To get enough sleep at night is important.,It_.,It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.,It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.,It takes sb +time to do.,Non-finite,is important to get enough sleep at night,1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。,It is not good for you to smoke.,2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。,It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.,It only took two years to complete the project.,3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。,巩固练习1,(2). 表语 Predicative,My job,is,Your task _(努力学习).,is to study hard,Non-finite,To see is to believe.,to teach you English.,These days everyone wants to get rich fast.,(3) 宾语 Object,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:,fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.,+ to do,Non-finite,like to do,manage to do,think consider find make feel,形式宾语,4.我希望很快收到你的信。,I hope to hear from you soon.,5.我决定不留下来。,I decided not to stay.,6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。,Students thought_.,7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。,She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.,it interesting to play computer games.,it + adj.+ to do,巩固练习2,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.,(4). 宾补 Complement,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感觉:,feel,当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:,allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等.,Non-finite,医生建议他去南方.,The doctor advised him to go to the south.,+ sb to do,I made him do his work.,He _by me.,See sb do sth,-,sb be seen to do,He was seen _ from the tree and get hurt. fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen,改错: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.,to talk,was made to do his work,(5). 定语 Attributive,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词.),He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）,There is nothing_.,*我想要几本书在旅途中看。,Id like_.,a few books to read during the journey,-What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. A. school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study,to worry about,The topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.,（没有什么可担心的）,a room to live in,I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.,(6) 状语 Adverbial,in order to , so as to ,1.表目的,2.表原因,We were very excited to hear the news.,3.表结果,This room is big enough to hold us.,enoughto, tooto, only to, etc.,He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.,Non-finite,1._ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21题,巩固练习2,翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。,In 1935 he left home never to return.,1. 作主语,2. 作表语,3. 作宾语,4. 作宾语补足语,5. 作定语,6. 作状语,在句中承担的成分:,Tense and Voice （时态与语态）,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,-,to have been doing,-,(1).They pretended not to see us.,(2). He pretended to be sleeping.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),1.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read,2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told,巩固练习3,3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay. A. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave,who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,我不知道是否要接受邀请。,I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.,(宾语),How to solve the problem is very important.,(主语),如何解决这个问题很重要。,我的问题是什么时候开始。,My question is when to start.,(表语),Non-finite,不定式与疑问词连用:,关于省略,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.,e.g.: Would you like to go with me ?,(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.,e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher?,A. Id like to B.Id like to go,Yes, _.,Non-finite,A.Id like to be. B. Id like to.,Yes,_.,1. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use. A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned,2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,巩固练习4,不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.,(1). She could do nothing but _ .(cry) (2). I have no choice but_. (go) (3).What do you like _ besides_ . (do, sleep),cry,to go,to do,sleep,Non-finite,Exercise,(eat, give up, finish, explain, tell) 1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.,to give up,explaining/to be explained,to be finished,not to eat,3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.,4.The patient was wa