初中-中考英语易错词汇总结

中考英语易错知识点总结易混动词:1.几个“花费":spend, take, pay, cost(1) spend多用人作主语，后接金钱或时间。spend. on sth/ (in)doing sth如:l spent 15 yuan on this new book.买这本新书我花了15元。(2) take常用于"It takes sb some time to do sth"句型中。如:It often takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day.我每天骑车去学校要花半小时。(3) pay常与for连用，表"付给. .款"。如:l paid 15 yuan for this new book.(4) cost常用物作主语表“价值或花费多少钱”。如:This new book costs me 15 yuan.2.几个“看":look, see, watch, read, findlook看,表动作,look at。see看见，表结果;也可说看电影"see a film"。watch观看比赛、演出、电视等。read读书看报等文字材料。3.几个与“看”有关的词或词组:look for, find, find out, look after, take care of, look over, look forward to.look for寻找，表过程。find发现，找到，表结果。find out找出，查明。look after, take care of均表示“照看,照顾”。look over检查、翻阅等。look forward to盼望. ,期待.4.几个“说":say, speak, talk, tell(1)say用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时侧重说的内容;say用作不及物动词时,不涉及所说的内容。如:Please say it in English.这个请用英语说。Its hard to say.很难说。Easier said than done.说起来容易,做起来难。say之后通常跟直接引语、间接引语或宾语从句。如:The teacher said,"Please look at me."老师说:“请看着我”。Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.老师说地球围绕太阳运行。(1) 含有say的固定搭配和常见的句型有:say to oneself自言自语;say" Hi/Hello" to sb.向某人问好;have nothing to say to对.无话可说;say a good word for sb.为某人说好话;They say. / Its said. (据.)That is to say那就是说。(2) speak常指能说某种语言，打电话时常用它表示说话，也有“演讲”的意思,不强调说话的内容。如:We can speak Chinese and English.我们可以说汉语和英语。May I speak to Henry?我可以和亨利讲话吗?He will speak at the meeting tonight.他将在今晚的会议，上发言。(3) talk用作不及物动词，作“说话”讲时与speak可以互换使用。作“交谈”讲时,通常与介词to / with连用。如:The baby cant talk yet.那个婴儿还不会讲话。They often talk in English.他们经常用英语交谈。Id like to talk to her.我想和她谈一谈。talk用作名词时,可以与动词have-起构成短语"have a talk with",意思是.和.谈一谈”。如:May l have a talk with you?我可以和你谈一谈吗?含talk的短语、固定搭配和句型常见有:talk to/with sb.和某人谈话;talk about谈论;have a talk with sb.和某人谈话/谈一谈;talk of谈到/讲到;talk out说完(4) tell用作及物动词，意思是“讲、说",指 说实话，说出事实的真相,讲故事等。如:My mother often tells me stories.妈妈经常给我讲故事。Please tell me the truth.请告诉我事实的真相。The boy never tells lies.那个孩子从不说谎。Nobody can tell how the Pyramids were built.没有人能说出金字塔是怎样建成的。tell表示命令时,作“叫、告诉”讲,常见的句型是"tell sb to do sth.", 意思是“叫/告诉某人做某事”。如:Tell him to come to my office.叫/告诉他到我的办公室来。Tell them not to look out of the window.叫他们不要向窗外望。含有tell的短语、固定搭配和常用句型有:tell sb. a story给某人讲故事;tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事的情况;tell sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事;tell a lie说谎;tell the truth说实话。5.几个“穿,戴":put on, wear, dress(up)put on指“穿上、戴上”强调动作，代词放在中间。wear指“穿着，戴着”，表示状态。dress指“给某人穿衣服”,其宾语是人。dress up指"穿上盛装，打扮”。6.几个“到达":reach, arrive in/at, get toreach是及物动词，它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。arrive是不及物动词,后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词in或at(在国家和较大的城市或地区前用in,较小的地方或单位前用at)。get to表示到达，多用于口语注意:当表示到达here, there, home时,arrive或get后不要加介词。7.几个“带、拿":bring, take, get, carry.bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或"带来”。take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到"或“拿到”。get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。carry不强调动作来去的方向，只说明动作方式，表示"背着、扛着、提着、载着”含义。8.几个与“听”有关的词或词组:listen to, hear, hear of, hear fromlisten to听. .表示听的动作。hear听见，听到，表示结果。hear of听.hear from收到某人的信息或来信。9. beat和winbeat表示“赢”或“打败”,后面要接被打败的对手。win用作及物动词时，后面接的不是被打败的对手,而是比赛本身、游戏、战争、名次等。10. rise和raiserise是不及物动词，表示"上升、提高、增长”等。raise是及物动词,表示“举起、抬起”。11. borrow, lend和keepborrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来"东西,常与介词from连用。lend指其逻辑主语将东西"借出、借给”别人，常与介词to连用。keep表示“保存”,与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。12. receive和acceptreceive的意思是"收到了.只表示收到某物，并不表明同意或不同意接受的含义。accept表示“接受."同意接约.如接受物体、邀请、批评等。如:He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.他收到了她的邀请，并且很愉快地接受了。13. answer与replyanswer意为”回答、响应、答复、接听电话”等,多作及物动词。reply意为"回答、答复"，是不及物动词，后需加介词to,at等再加宾语。14. hope与expecthope指主观上的愿望，但在客观上不一定有实现的可能性，常接that从句、动词不定式或以介词for引出的短语。expect着重指客观上有可能实现的“期待、期望"等，其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或that 从句。15. lie和laylie有多个意思:表示“躺;位于”时,其变化是lay, lain, lying;表示“说谎”时，其变化是lied, lied, lying。lay的含义是“放置、产卵”等。其变化是laid, laid, laying。三：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示明确过去时间状语(如yesterday, last week, a moment ago等)连用。如:These farmers have been to the United States-这些农民去过美国了。- Really? When did they go there?一-真的吗?他们什么时候去的?-Have you finished your homework?-你完成作业了吗?-Yes, I did it a moment ago.-是的，我刚刚做的。A) 词组have/has been in/to与have/has gone to的区别"have/has gone to+地点”表示“某人去了某地(还未回来)”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。"have/has been in+地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间段的状语连用。"have/has been to+地点”表示"曾经去过某地(但现在已不在那儿)”。如:My father isnt at home. He has gone to Beijing.我爸爸不在家，他去北京了。I have been in Beijing for 10 years.我待在北京十年了。l have been to that city, and l dont want to go there again.我去过那座城市了,我不想再去B) would rather与prefer to(1) would rather相当于一个情态动词,后面跟不带to的动词不定式构成句型:would rather do sth.，意为“宁可/愿 . 。其否定结构为:would rather not do sth., 意思是“宁可/愿不例.如:They would rather use colors like orange andyellow.他们宁愿使用像橙色和黄色这样的颜色。Id rather not tell you about it.关于这件事我不愿告诉你。would rather与than连用时,than前、后连接两个平衡结构,意为“宁愿.而不愿.与.不.”如:Id rather go shopping in Sunshine Town than in Moonlight Town