江苏省高考英语一轮复习 语法部分 第9讲 状语从句精品学案 牛津译林版

第9讲 状语从句（要点透析）状语从句 状语从句是一个句子充当另一个句子的状语，表示主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因、方式、结果、目的等等。状语从句是历年高考题的重点、难点。命题一般是考查学生连词的掌握情况，根据两个句子的意思，判断两个句子之间的逻辑关系，选择合适的连词。常见的状语从句有九大类。一、时间状语从句1when, as与while表示时间when既可表示“一段时间”(与持续性动词连用)，又可表示“时间点”(与瞬间动词连用)；when可作并列连词，意为“这(那)时”。while只表示“一段时间”，只与持续性动词连用，while可表示对比转折，有“然而”之意。as用法同when相似，但侧重主句和从句动作发生的同时性，可译作“随着”，“一边一边”。I fell asleep when/as/while he was doing his exercises.When/As he arrived in Shanghai, she met him at the station.I was about to go out when it began to rain.I like tea while she likes coffee.As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.2. before 引导的从句中谓语动词不可用否定式，意为“在之前；还没来得及；(之后)才”I had felt hungry before I arrived home.我还没到家就觉得饿了。(在到家之前觉得饿)She left the office before I could say sorry to her.我还没来得及向她道歉，她就离开了办公室。(在我能够说抱歉之前，她就离开了办公室)It was a long time before I got to sleep again.很长时间以后我才又睡着了。3. since 从句中的动词不同，起算的时间也不同。since瞬间动词的过去式，从该动作发生时算起；since持续性动词的过去式，从该动作结束时算起。He had worked hard since entered the factory.(enter为瞬间动词，从他入厂以来)We havent seen each other since I worked in the factory.(work为持续性动词，从我不在工厂以来)4till/until 用于肯定句时，须和持续性动词连用，表示“直到为止”，用于否定句时和瞬间动词连用，表示“直到才”。till 与until句型在多数情况下可通用。但在句首时不可用till；在It is/was not untilthat 强调句型中及not until放句首时，一般不可用till。I worked till/until he came back.He didnt go to bed until/till eleven oclock.It was not until I came back that he went to bed.Not until then did I realize the importance of learning English.5as soon as/ immediately/ the moment/the minute/ the second 表示“一就”She gave a ring to her parents immediately she landed in Japan.6no soonerthan/ hardlywhen刚就 (注意：主句时态用had done；从句用did)She had no sooner left the office than the telephone rang.We had no sooner had supper than we began to repair the machine.No sooner had we had supper than we began to repair the machine.7every time 每当，每次；the first time 第一次时候，next time 下次时。Every time I see the film, I cant help recalling my childhood in the countryside.Call me earlier next time you come to Shanghai.二、条件状语从句常见连词：if(如果)/ unless(除非)/ once(一旦)/ as(so) long as(只要)/ on condition that(条件是)/provided/ providing that(假若)/suppose/ supposing that(倘若)Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?三、原因状语从句1because, since和as 表示的语气强弱不同。because 表示直接原因，语气最强；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成“既然”；as用于说明原因，语气较弱，着重点在主句，常译成“由于”。注意下列情况下只用because：回答why的问题时用作表语从句时在强调句中强调原因时连词前有only, just, simply等修饰时。2for 是并列连词，引导的句子表示一种推理或解释，或附加说明。一般不能置于句首。for表示因果关系时，可与because互换，但for前须用逗号。It may have rained last night, for the ground is wet.3. now that 与since/as同义， 通常表示用新出现的情况作为原因。Now that you feel sick, you can have a rest in bed.4. when既然(有轻微的责备口吻)Why do you want to find a new job when you have a good job already?How can I help them when they never listen to me?5. in that从句“在于”His request is unreasonable in that he knows we cant afford it.四、结果状语从句常见连词：so that/sothat/suchthat“如此以至于”。要牢记下面的几个句型。1. so adj./ adv. thatThe box is so heavy that I cant carry it.2. Soadj.a/an n. thatShe is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her.3. Somany/few/much/little(少) n(不可数名词或可数名词复数)thatThere is so little water that you cant drink.4. sucha/an adj. n thatShe is such a good girl that she can help you.5. Suchadj. n(不可数名词或可数名词复数)thatThey are such lovely children. 【注意】that 后面必须跟上完整的句子，即必须要有完整的主语、谓语、宾语。五、目的状语从句1. so that/ in order that 从句 ( 从句用can/could/ may/ might 动词原形)为了We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus.2for fear that/lest/in case that 从句(从句可以用虚拟语气，即should动词原形)以防/万一发生We got up early for fear that/lest/in case that we should miss the first bus.六、地点状语从句 1. where 在 地方 in the place where/ in the place in whichMake a mark where you have problems.She lives where her grandparents lived 30 years ago.2. wherever 无论在地方 no matter whereI will find him wherever he may be.Wherever the film star goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.七、让步状语从句1. although/ though/ while 虽然；尽管Although he is rich, he never wastes a coin.2. as 句型(1)表语(形容词/名词) as/though 主语 系动词，主句。Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study.【注意】名词前不加任何冠词。Child as he is, he knows something of electricity.Rich man as he is, he works hard.(2)副词 as/though主语谓语动词，主句。Hard as he worked, he failed.Much as I have traveled, Ive never seen a man as capable as Tom.(3)动词原形 as/though 主语 might/may, 主句。Try as he might, Tom could not get out of the difficulty.3. even if/ even though(有一定的假设意味)即使， 纵然Even if it snows tomorrow, we shall still go on business.4. No matter how/ what/ where/ who， 无论怎么/ 什么/ 哪里/ 谁【注意】 no matter 必须和特殊疑问词连用。5.whoever/whatever/whichever/wherever/whenever/how-ever引导让步状语从句，意思是“无论”，可与“no matter疑问词“替换”。6. whetheror无论是否Whether you go or not tomorrow, we will go outing. 八、方式状语从句1. as if/though 从