化学专业英语命名课件
1,化合物的英文命名,Nomenclature of compounds,2,一 无机物的命名 (Inorganic compounds)1 元素与单质的命名,“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又是单质的名称。,3,S-block Element,IA H Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium K Potassium Rb Rubidium Cs Cesium Fr Francium,IIA Be Beryllium Mg Magnesium Ca Calcium Sr Strontium Ba Barium Ra Radium,4,P-block Element,VIA VIIA 0 He Helium O Oxygen F Fluorine Ne Neon S Sulfur Cl Chlorine Ar Argon Se Selenium Br Bromine Kr Krypton Te Tellurium I Iodine Xe Xenon Po Polonium At Astatine Rn Radon,IIIA IV A V A B Boron C Carbon N Nitrogen Al Aluminium Si Silicon P Phosphorus Ga Gallium Ge Germanium As Arsenic In Indium Sn Tin Sb Antimony Tl Thallium Pb Lead Bi Bismuth,5,Common Transition Elememt,Fe : iron Mn : manganese Cu: copper Zn: zinc Hg: mercury Ag: silver Au: gold,6,2化合物的命名,化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读，这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前缀 (1)mono-,(2)di -,(3)tri- ,(4)tetra ,(5)penta- (6)hexa-,(7)hepta-, (8)octa-,(9)nona-,(10)deca-,但是在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。,7,Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts,1. Single valence ions Cations name = Element for example: Na+ Sodium Al3+ Aluminum K+ Potassium Ca2+ Calcium,8,2.Multivalence ions,Cations name = Element(N) For example: Fe2+ Iron(II) or Ferrous Fe3+ Iron(III) or Ferric Cr2+ Chromium(II) Cr3+ Chromium(III) Mn4+ Manganese(IV) Mn2+ Manganese(II),9,对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更 多采用罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic表示高价。 如 FeO: iron(II) oxide 或 ferrous oxide Fe2O3: iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide Cu2O: copper(I) oxide 或cuprous oxide CuO: copper(II) oxide或cupric oxide,10,chromous chromic mercurous mercuric manganous manganic cobaltous cobaltic stannous stannic Plumbous plumbic,11,Table1 symbols and names of common cations 1+cations 2+cations 2+cations 3+and 4+ cations hydrogen H+ / magnesium Mg2+ / nickel(II)or Ni2+ / aluminum Al3+ lithium Li+ / calcium Ca2+ / nickelous /chromium(III) Cr3+ sodium Na+ / strontium Sr2+ / tin(II)or Sn2+ / or chromic potassium K+ / barium Ba2+ / stannous /manganese(III) Mn3+ ammonium NH4+ / zinc Zn2+ / lead(II)or Pb2+ /or manganic silver Ag+ / cadmium Cd2+ / plumbous / iron(III)or Fe3+ copper(I)or Cu+ / copper(II)or Cu2+ / iron(II)or Fe2+ / ferric cuprous / cupric / ferrous / cobalt(III)or Co3+ mercury(I)or Hg22+ / mercury(II)or Hg2+ / cobalt(II)or Co2+ / cobaltic mercurous / mercuric / cobaltous / /nickel(III) Ni3+ chromium(II)or Cr2+/ / tin(IV)or Sn4+/ chromous / / stannic / manganese(II)or Mn2+ / / lead(IV)or Pb4+/ manganous / / plumbic/,12,Naming nonmetal ions (anions),1. Monatomic anions Anions name = Elements root -ide For example: Cl- Chloride O= Oxide Br- Bromide OH- Hydroxide I- Iodide CN- Cyanide S= Sulfide H- Hydride,13,2. Polyatomic oxyanions,(1). Acid radicals for normal salt (正酸根 -ate ) Anions name = Central Elements root -ate for example: ClO3- Chlorate IO3- Iodate PO43- Phosphate NO3- Nitrate SO42- Sulfate CO32- Carbonate,14,(2). Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 -ite ),Anions name = Central elements root -ite for example: ClO2- Chlorite IO2- Iodite PO33- Phosphite NO2- Nitrite SO32- Sulfite,15,(3). Acid radicals for hypo-salts (次酸根 -ite ),Anions name = Hypo- Central elements root -ite for example: ClO- Hypochlorite IO- Hypoiodite PO23- Hypophosphite,16,(4). Acid radicals for persalts (高酸根Per -ate ),Anions name = Per-central Elements root -ate for example: ClO4- Perchlorate IO4- Periodate MnO4- Permanganate,17,Table2 symbols and names of common anions 1- anions 1- anions 2- anions 3- and 4- anions peroxide O22- / thiocyanate SCN- / oxide O2- / nitride N3- hydride H- / cyanide CN- /sulfide S2- / phosphide P3- fluoride F- / acetate CHCOO- / carbonate CO32- / carbide C4- chloride Cl- / nitrate NO3- /sulfate SO42- /Phosphate PO43- bromide Br- / nitrite NO2- /sulfite SO32- /phosphite PO33- iodide I- / permanganate MnO4- / thiosulfate S2O32- hydroxide OH- / perchlorate ClO4- /oxalate C2O42- hydrogen carbonate HCO3- /chlorate ClO3- /chromate CrO42- (bicarbonate) / chlorite ClO2- / dichromate Cr2O72- hydrogen sulfate HSO4- / hypochlorite ClO- (bisulfate) hydrogen sulfiteHSO3- dihydrogen phosphate (bisulfite),18,Naming compounds,1. Metal oxide Metal oxide = Cation + oxide for example: FeO Iron(II) oxide (Ferrous oxide) Fe2O3 Iron(III) oxide (Ferric oxide) Na2O2 Sodium peroxide hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),19,2. Nonmetal oxide,Nonmetal oxide = n-Nonmetal element + n-oxide for example: CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide SO3 Sulfur trioxide N2O3 Dinitrogen trioxide P2O5 Diphosphorus pentoxide N2O4 Dinitrogen tetroxide (tetra-,mono-后缀中的a,o在后一o之前省去) 有些物质常用俗称,
