综合性学习《以和为贵》(31页)

综合性学习以和为贵,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1、探究“和”，了解“和”的具体含义及其在当下的积极意义。2、比较全面地了解孔子“和而不同”的思想和主张，理解古今“和”的多样性思想内涵。3、运用“和”，搜集生活中“和为贵”的典型事例，感悟剖析并从中汲取营养。,学习目标,中国文化崇尚“和”，有关“和”的思想源远流长、丰富多彩。“和”既被视为诞育万物的本原，也被看作修德养性的关键，还被认为是社会交往的准绳，更被尊奉为国家共处的准则。,1、探“和”之义孔子说：“君子和而不同，小人同而不和。”其中“和而不同”的思想，不仅是一种人际交往的方式，更是一种对待世界的哲学态度。“和而不同”已经成为中华民族传统文化的核心命题之一。,“君子和而不同，小人同而不和。”,“君子能够与他人保持和谐的关系，但不会轻易苟同他人的观点；小人苟同他人的观点，但不能够与他人保持和谐的关系。”,君子和而不同。所为和，是指心中不去比斗相争；所谓不同，是指每个人的志向都能不一样。天下君子千千万万，大家的心都是“和”的，像一个人一样，而所学、所立的志向不一样；至於说“小人同而不和”，是因为小人都干坏事，因此说是“同”；喜欢互相争斗，因此说是不和。,云“君子和而不同”者,和者，无乖戾之心。同者，有阿比之意。,因为没有乖戾之心，所以能君子之间能和谐，协调。相反因为有阿比之意，所以人云亦云，阿谀附和。,乖戾之心就是指一个人挑剔、刻薄、不跟别人合作；一个人要做到和的话,他是没有这样的心的。一个和顺的德行长者,他的心地应该的宽厚的,应该是辽阔的,应该是包容他人的,包容一切的。什么叫阿比之意,“阿”就是阿谀奉承的阿,比就是攀比的比。阿谀奉承别人,或者心里跟别人攀比,这就叫做同。,和因义起，同由利生,和的原因由义引起，同时由于共同的利益而生出的和。追求义的人，觉得适宜，各适其宜，尚未在诸多方面（强求一致），所以不同之义也可以和。这样不同之和，而不是执己之见，没有伤及于和。注重利的人，觉得这是人所共同追求的，民众致力于这些，那么有争论之心，所以同而不和。这是君子、小人的区别。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,思考“和而不同”的思想在当下有什么意义？明确：在经济全球化的今天，“和而不同”仍然具有强大的生命活力，仍然是社会发展的准则和目标，是世界多元文化发展的必由之路；是组建家庭和睦、构建和谐社会、建立和平世界所必需的。作为普通人，就要在日常工作、学习和家庭生活中，不应完全强求他人与自己同声同气而激化矛盾，也不盲目地重复、附和他人而失去自己，应该主动地与他人沟通协调，承认与包容差异，并且能见贤思齐，从而求同存异、和谐相处、共同进步。,公曰：“唯据与我和夫。”,景公说：“只有梁丘据与我和协啊！”晏子回答说：“梁丘据也不过是相同而已，哪里能说是和协呢？”景公说：“和协与相同有差别吗？”晏子回答说：“有差别。国君认为可以的，其中也包含了不可以，里下进言指出不可以的，使可以的更加完备；国君认为不可以的，其中也包含了可以的，臣下进言指出其中可以的。去掉不可以的。因此。政事平和而不违背礼丁，百姓没有争斗之心。现在梁丘据不是这样。国君认为可以的，他也说可以；国君认为不可以的，他也说不可以。如果用水来调和水，谁能吃一下去？如果用琴瑟老弹一个音调，谁听得下去？不应当相同的道理，就像这样。”,克明俊德,他能发扬大德，使家族亲密和睦。家族和睦以后，又辨明其他各族的政事。众族的政事辨明了，又协调万邦诸侯，天下众民也相递变化友好和睦起来。,2.寻“和”之用“和”的思想，用于调和人际关系，解决各种纠纷，可以概括为一句俗语，即“和为贵”。这是孔子弟子有若的话。在日常生活中，大多将这里的“和”理解为“和睦”“和气”等。“六尺巷”的故事，就是“和为贵”原则在生活中的体现。,创作几条以“和”为主题的宣传标语,建设和谐校园，从你我做起建设和谐校园，你我共同参与团结友爱，和谐相处和谐社会，我们共同的追求校园是我家，和谐相处靠大家美好的和谐社会，需要全体人民共同奋斗,宣传标语,手拉手，心连心，和谐校园大家建,3.享“和”之乐在学习和生活中，我们不可避免地会有观点的交锋，相持不下时，有些同学会恶语伤人，最后不欢而散。思考如何从“和而不同”“和为贵”的思想中汲取智慧，以“和而不同”为理念，讨论问题，互相启发，共同受益。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,将相和战国时期，廉颇是赵国有名的良将，他战功赫赫，被拜为上卿。蔺相如“完璧归赵”有功，被封为上大夫。不久，蔺相如又在渑池minch秦王与赵王相会的危急关头，维护了赵王的尊严，因此也被提升为上卿，且位在廉颇之上。廉颇对此不服，扬言说：“我要是见了他，一定要羞辱他一番。”,典范示例,蔺相如知道后，就有意不与廉颇会面。别人以为蔺相如害怕廉颇，廉颇为此很得意。可是蔺相如却说：“我哪里会怕廉将军？不过，现在秦国倒是有点怕我们赵国，这主要是因为有廉将军和我两个人在。如果我跟他互相攻击，那只能对秦国有益。我之所以避开廉将军，是以国事为重，把私人的恩怨丢一边儿了！”这话传到了廉颇耳朵里，廉颇十分感动，便光着上身，背负荆杖，来到蔺相如家请罪。他羞愧地对蔺相如说：“我真是一个糊涂人，想不到你能这样地宽宏大量！”两个人抛弃前嫌，终于结成了誓同生死的朋友。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,题一：在“以和为贵”的综合性学习活动中，同学们搜集到相关的材料。请你按要求完成下列题目。,1、下面是孟子中关于治国的语录，阅读后用合适的词语概括孟子的治国思想。【材料一】得道者多助，失道者寡助。译文：能施行仁政的君主，支持他的人就多；不施行仁政的君主，支持他的人就少。,研讨练习,【材料二】国君好仁，天下无敌焉。译文：一国的君主如果喜爱仁德，整个天下便不会有敌手。【材料三】君仁，莫不仁；君义，莫不义；君正，莫不正。译文：君主仁，没有人不仁；君主义，没有人不义；君主正，没有人不正。,孟子的治国思想：_,仁政（或施仁政、民贵君轻、以民为本）,2、请从下面材料中任选一句孔子名言，说说它体现了怎样的中华传统美德？具有怎样的现实意义？,北京奥运会开幕式上，2008名演员击缶而歌“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”。在古琴声中，身穿古袍，手持竹简的孔门弟子，齐声诵读“三人行，必有我师焉”“礼之用，和为贵”等儒家经典名句，在全世界面前展现了辉煌灿烂的中华文明。,我选择的名言：_