高考英语：完形填空的备考策略与应试技巧

高考英语：完形填空的备考策略与应试技巧1. 依据上下文确定答案的法则：从近几年的完形填空题看，近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强，并成为测试热点。四个选项不是词义相近，要不就是近义动词的同一种时态的现象，或名词的单复数搭配。若选项词义差异很大，必然文章中藏有提示语，正因如此，往往第一个选项有时需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。2. 词语语义与强于语法原则：完型填空题的首句不留空，目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素：地点、时间、人物和事由。再则，单纯语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴，所以，指导学生时，首先要告知他们这类现象。尽管四个选项的词语都符合语法规则，然而该题的解答必须遵循先全面理解篇章语义，再结合正确语言结构对每个空格作出准确无误的抉择。3. 解题四步法原则：第一步：跳读。带着空格通读全文，了解短文大意，判别短文文体，同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。第二步：选答。这一步最为关键，要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲，但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题，对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去，遵循先易后难的解题原则。第三步：推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的篇章作通盘考虑，把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题，以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲，甄别，筛选和抉择。第四步：复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步，要求考生解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍，从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思，及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。应试技巧一：语境信息解题法： 近几年的完形填空题淡化了语法结构性的题，选项重在语意干扰，也就是说，对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑，考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫，对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以，快速浏览全文，迅速领悟篇章主旨，通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。4) Our _47_ challenge was to keep the rock mixture _48_ enough.47. A. next B. first C. past D. previous48. A. cold B. wet C. loose D. clean【题解：47. 答案为A项。短文前面提到第一个挑战是发电的问题，那么接下来的挑战就是如何保持温度的问题。48. 答案为B项。从下文提到的洒水车等事情，我们可以判断出这儿应该是“保持湿度”的语意。】5) Still others faced the storm bravely, walking miles to get to work.I _40_ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most _41_ had stopped. After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was _43_.40. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened41. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service43. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing【40. D项。从前面一句话和本句中one of people可知，作者当天上午碰巧也是去上班的人之一；41. D项。从上下文可知，由于风暴大部分地铁线路停运，所以唯有service符合题意；43. A项。从上下文的语境中我们可知道作者最后找到有一条地铁线还在营业，operating本身含有“营业的”意思，相当于be on service。】6) After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced _36_ for a few days, I was _37_ to wait tables on my own. All went _38_ that first week36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress37. A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised38. A. well B. quickly C. safely D. wrong【36. D项。根据下文“I was allowed to wait tables on my own”可以判断，作者是和有经验的女侍者一起工作了几天；37. C项。从上下文可知，几天后作者被允许单独做餐饮招待服务了；38. A项。有下文可以判断出，她的第一周工作非常顺手，没出意外。】应试技巧二：语法结构法: 高考完形填空题基本都是在语境中考查考生对语法知识的掌握程度，单纯考查这类题很少。而在完形填空题中考察语法项目的主要是动词的各种时态、语态和语气、谓语和非谓语形式等。所以这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识，能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词，当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。不过，切记解答这类题，必须是任何空格的语法正确的前提下，再考虑其他方面因素。7) When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer _49_ I received an email from Garth, my Director.A. while B. when C. where D. after【49. B项，这儿when的意思是just at the moment， 与前面的when意思不一样，A项的while无此意，D项的after不符合行为交互逻辑，C项完全是错误的。】8) “I have been a soloist for over ten years. _53_ the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didnt _54_ that my passion couldnt be realized.53. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since54. A. mean B. seem C. conclude D. say【53. B项，由第二段的内容以及本句的句意“尽管医生认为我已经全聋了，但是这并不意味着我的热情会消失。”，故此处应为让步状语从句；54. A项，由句意可知。】应试技巧三：复现解题法：这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。9）In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these _21_ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-tales they are _22_ and cause much human suffering.21. A. babies B. believes C. fairies D. supermen22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary【21. C项，同义原词的复现；22. B项，异形近义词的复现】10）On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to _36_ and the subway system almost came to a stop.36. A. break B. flood C. sink D. crash【36. B项，异形近义词的复现】11）Garths email was short, but I learned more from that _52_ message than I ever did from a textbook.A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous【52. C项，异形同义词的复现】应试技巧四：固定搭配解题法：这类题与语法结构题有点类似，但主要惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。12) Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I _28_ until the day he graduated.28. A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued【28. D项。由句意可知，“尽管儿子不愿意再收到我的字条，但是我依然坚持写到他毕业为止。”这道题实际上是一道固定搭配题，其结构为notuntil，但句中没有否定副词not，再则，若A、B两项短语用于这一结构中须与not连用，故不合题意；C项的followed应为及物动词，后面需加宾语方可，再则followed在此有歧义，也不合题意，由于continue是延续性动词，所以，无需否定副词，在这一固定搭配中只有瞬间动词才与not连用。】13) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, _30_ two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and finally, becoming a technical