2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题14：时态和语态（一）含答案解析.doc

2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析14时态和语态（一）动词的时态和语态是历年高考考查的重点之一。要学好时态和语态，首先要熟悉各种时态及其被动语态的构成形式；其次要深刻理解各种时态所表达的意义。高考常考的时态及其被动语态见下表： 语 态时 态主 动 语 态 被 动 语 态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are done一般过去时didwas/were done现在进行时am/is/are doingam/is/are being done过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being done现在完成时have/has donehave/has been done过去完成时had donehad been done一般将来时will dowill be done过去将来时would dowould be done将来进行时will be doingwill be being done将来完成时will have donewill have been done现在完成进行时have/has been doinghave/has been being done过去完成进行时had been doinghad been being done考点一 一般现在时1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。1. Every December Nobel Prizes _ to people who have made outstanding contributions to _ the world(2014北京)Aaward Bare awarded Cawarded Dwere awarded【答案】B 【解析】由时间状语Every December可知，应用一般现在时；Nobel Prizes与award是被动关系，故用被动语态。2. Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ us. (2013湖南)A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered【答案】B 【解析】由时间状语every night可知，这里表示经常性的动作，故用一般现在时。2. 现在的情况或状态1. People _ better assess to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result. （2017北京）A. will have B. have C. had D. had had【答案】B 【解析】与以前相比较，是指现在的情况，应用一般现在时。2. Planning so far ahead _ no sense so many things will have changed by next year. (2011全国I) A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made【答案】C 【解析】由句意“这么早就制定计划没有意义”可知，这里说的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时。3. 客观事实或哲理1. Hes been informed that he _for the scholarship because of his academic background. (2017江苏)A. hasnt qualified B. hadnt qualified C. doesnt qualify D. wasnt qualifying 【答案】C 【解析】他被告知，由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。这里指客观事实，应用一般现在时。2. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step . (2012全国I)A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed【答案】C 【解析】解析： 这里是生活哲理，应用一般现在时。4. 日程安排，时刻表1. So what is the procedure? (2013北京) All the applicants _ before a final decision to be made by the authority. A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed【答案】C 【解析】这里指日程安排，应用一般现在时；applicants与interview是被动关系，应用被动语态。2. A Midsummer Nights Dream _ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. (2013重庆)A. opens B. is opened C. will open D. will be opened【答案】A 【解析】open表示“开放”，是非延续性动词，不用被动语态；这里指剧院的日常安排，应用一般现在时。5. 在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来1. Youd better write down her phone number before you _ it. (2014重庆) A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget【答案】A 【解析】before引导时间状语从句，应用一般现在时表示将来。2. If we_ now to protect the environment, well live to regret it. (2013全国I)A. hadnt acted B. havent acted C. dont act D. wont act【答案】C 【解析】if引导条件状语从句，应用一般现在时表示将来。考点二 一般过去时1. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与过去的具体时间状语连用。1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around? （2018北京）Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday. A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started【答案】C 【解析】由时间状语on Monday可知，是从过去的这个周一开始的，应用一般过去时。2. _ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? (2017北京)Yes, they are happy with it.A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling【答案】A【解析】由时间状语yesterday可知，应用一般过去时。3. Im calling about the apartment you _ the other day. Could you tell me more about it? (2013安徽)A. advertised B. had advertised C. are advertising D. will advertise 【答案】A【解析】由时间状语yesterday可知，应用一般过去时。2. 过去某一段时间反复发生的动作或存在的状态 You speak very good French! Thanks. I _ French in Sichuan University for four years. (2009四川)A. studiedB. study C. was studyingD. had studied【答案】A【解析】由句意可知，曾在四川大学学过四年法语。指过去一段时间反复发生的动作，用一般过去时。 3. 文中隐含过去的时间或含有时间对比。1. The real reason why prices _, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. (2015江苏) A. wereB. will beC. have beenD. had been【答案】A【解析】由and still are可知，这里是与过去相比较，故用一般过去时。 2. That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there. (2011北京) A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taken【答案】C【解析】must have been表示对过去发生的事情的推测，所以这里谈论的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。4. 两个过去的动作相对比，发生在前的用过去完成时，发生在后的用一般过去时。1. A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith _ in love with the people and culture there. (2019江苏) A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell【答案】D 【解析】句意：他到中国几个月后，就爱上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived动作之后，用一般过去时。2. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. (2012山东) A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 【答案】C【解析】主从句都表示过去的动作，从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用过去完成时，则主句用一般现在时。5. 在since引