中考英语名词单复数使用方法.doc

名词单复数大家不要以为这名词变复数很难，其实这里也还是有一些窍门的。下面我们就将名词变复数的规则。分为规则变化和不规则变化。第一部分：规则变化 情况构成法读音例词一般情况（包括以e结尾的名词）加-s-s在清辅音ptk f后读s在浊辅音和元音后读z在辅音szd ?后读iz口诀：清清浊浊元浊Cups, cats, cakes, roofs, flags, keys, faces以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es在sz?t?后读izClasses, boxes, watches, brushes 以辅音+y结尾变y为i，加es读zCities, countries, studies以元音+y结尾加-s读zBoys, rays, days 有人还把以下两个加入了名词有规则变复数的行列。 情况构成法读音例词以o 结尾加-es读zHeroes, tomatoes, potatoes, Negroes加-s读zBamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos以f, fe结尾变f, fe为v，再加-es读vzLeaf-leavesLife-livesWife-wives加-s读sRoofs, proofs, chiefs第二部分：不规则变化我们经常会看到有些名词变复数时并没有遵循上述规则。这就是名词的不规则变化。我们经常看见的有man-men，woman-women，child-children等等。还有一些名词，单复数是同一个形式的。不过，我们还是可以通过一些比较，发现其中的一些奥妙。以下我将为大家讲讲名词的不规则变化。（下面内容，可以量力而行。有的可能很难，需要以后慢慢消化吸收）一、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。读音变化：尾音Es改读ai，其中kEs要改读为sai，gEs要改读为dVai。例：fungusfungi; abacusabaci; focusfoci; cactuscacti; cestuscesti 二、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。读音变化：尾音is改读i:z。例：axisaxes; basisbases; narisnares; hypothesishypotheses; restisrestes 三、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。读音变化：尾音iks改读isi:z。例：matrixmatrices; directrixdirectrices; calixcalices; appendixappendices 反例：affixaffixes 四、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。读音变化：去掉鼻尾音m。例：forumfora; stadiumstadia; aquariumaquaria; datumdata; vacuumvacua 五、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。读音变化：尾音E改读i:。例：larvalarvae; formulaformulae; alaalae; mediamediae; hydrahydrae 六、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化：保持原音。例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; salmonsalmon七、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变化：没有规律。例：manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen 八、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：例：oxoxen; childchildren; brotherbrethren 九、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词例：analysisanalyses分析; basisbases基础; datumdata数据; footfeet; formulaformulae/formulas公式; goosegeese; louselice虱子; manmenmousemice; mediummedia/mediums媒介; memorandummemoranda/memorandums备忘录; parenthesisparentheses 圆括号; phenomenonphenomena现象; radiusradii 半径toothteeth; womanwomen十、有些名词是单数、复数不分的例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout鳟鱼十一、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar; traffic交通十二、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀trousers长裤; wages工资十三、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示例：daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父man-of-warmen-of-war兵舰; maid-servantmaid-servantsstep-sonstep-sons晚子; son-in-lawsons-in-law十四、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 例：pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers十五、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼十六、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters练习题在名词中要注意的是名词的可数与不可数，单、复数形式及所有格问题。常用的不可数名词：milk, orange(橘子), meat, fruit, food, paper, weather；单复数一致：sheep, fish(做鱼肉讲时,不可数), Chinese, Japanese；本身就是复数形式：people 1. There are some _ on the hill.A. sheeps B. a sheep C. sheep D. sheepes2. Mr Black often gives us _ by Email.A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information3. There are some new books in the school library. They are _ books.A. child B. childrens C. children D. childrens4. I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new _ .A. pair B. one C. ones D. trousers5. Meimeis handwriting is better than any other _ in his class.A. students B. students C. students D. students6. The hospital is a bit far from here. Its about _ . A. forty minutess walk B. forty minutes walk C. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes walk7. How many _ are there in your class ? A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian8. I found my black cat in_ room.A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mikes C. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike9. How much are the _ ? A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes10. There are many _ in our school.A. woman teachers B. womans teachers C. women teachers D. womens teachers11. Three months _ a long time for me.A. is B. are C. have D. has12. There are _ and _ on the table. A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges KEYS:16：CADCCD 712：ABDCAA4