高考英语定语从句讲解ppt课件.ppt

定语从句 the Attributive Clausethe Attributive Clause 1 1 定语从句 2 先行词 3 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 关系词通常有下列三个作用 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定 语从句 定语从句一般紧跟在它 所修饰的先行词之后 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有that which who whom whose as等 关系副词有 when where why等 A 引导定语从句 B 代替先行词 C 在定 语从句中担当一个成分 2 关系代词的一般用法 先行词是人 在从句中作主语用who 作宾语用 whom或who 作定语用whose 先行词是物 在 定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which 作定语用of which或whose均可 在限制性定语从句中which who whom都可用that代替 关系代词作宾语时常 被省略 3 This is the man helped me yesterday The teacher you want to see is coming I met a boy father was a astronaut Here is the coat will be made to you This is the factory we visited last year He has a book cover the cover is very beautiful who who whom that whose which that which that whose of which 作定语 作主语 作see的宾语 可以省略 作定语 作主语 作visited的宾语 可以省略 4 关系副词的一般用法 关系副词有when where why 在定语从句中作 状语 分别表示时间 地点和原因 when的先行词通常是time day season age occasion等时间名词 where的先行词通常是place city town village house case situation scenes等地点或情形名词 why的先行词只能是reason 关系副词when和where有时可用 介词 which 代 替 why可用for which代替 5 There are occasions one must yield 屈服 Beijing is the place I was born Is this the reason he refused our offer when on which where in which why for which 注意 先行词虽然是时间或地点 但若 在定语从句中作主语或宾语时 要用关 系代词 6 1 The factory his father worked has closed 比较 The factory was built in 1978 has closed 2 I ll never forget the days we lived together 比较 I ll never forget the days we spent in Australia 3 The reason she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat 比较 The reason he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated where 作状语 which that 作主语 when 作状语 that 作及物动词spent的宾语 why 作状语 用关系副词 that 作gave的宾语 用关系代词 7 在定语从句中 关系代词 which 和 that 都可指物 一般情况下 可以互换使用 但在下列情况下值 得注意 只能用that而不能用which的情形 1 当先行词为 all little few much none 及 some any no every 与 thing 所组成的复合单 词时 只能用that 如 There is nothing that will stop us making progress 2 当先行词前面有only some any no every little few much all very等形容词修饰时 只能 用that 如 This is the only problem that we can t work out 8 3 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时 只能用that 如 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read 4 当先行词同时包括人和物时 只能用that 如 Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great 5 当先行词在主句中作表语时 只能用that 如 This is a book that I have been looking for since last week 6 当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时 只能 用 that 如 Which is the picture that you drew yesterday 9 只能用which而不能用that的情形 1 当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时 只 能用 which 如 The pencil case which I bought last week is missing 2 关系代词前面有介词时 只能用which 如 The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down 3 先行词为代词 that 或 that 所修饰时 只能用 which 如 I don t take that which is too expensive 10 who whom 和that的用法区别详解 在定语从句中 关系代词who whom 和that都可指人和 物 在一般情况下 可以互换使用 一 用who whom 而不用that的情形 1 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时 只能用who whom 如 My sister who is studying abroad sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas 2 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时 只能用 who whom 如 Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students 3 当先行词为people和those时 只能用who whom Those who want to go there come here please 11 4 当先行词为one ones anyone everyone none all 指人 时 只能用who whom 如 Anyone who is against us is our enemy 5 先行词指人 而关系代词在从句中作主语时 一般多 用who 如 The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days 6 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who whom There are students in our class who whom you have met 7 当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句 时 若一个定语从句的引导词为that 那么 另一个定语 从句的引导词必定为who 如 The boy that you met just now is Li Ming s brother who just graduated from a university 12 二 用that 而不用who whom 的情形 1 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修 饰时 引导词只能用that 如 The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong 2 当先行词前面有only some any no every little few much all very等词修饰时 引导词只能 用that 如 He is the only student that said no to the teacher 3 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时 引导词 只能用that 如 Who is woman that you talked with just now 13 4 the same as 与 the same that the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类 而不同物 the same that表示所引导的从句内容与 先行词同类同物 即 同一事物 如 She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago 14 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号 与主句隔开 用逗号 与主句隔 开 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语 如删除 主句则失去意义或 意思表达不完整 只是对先行词的补充 说明 如删除 主句 仍能表达完整的意思 译法上 译成先行词的定语 的 通常译成主句的并 列句 关系词 的使用 上 1 作宾语时可省略1 不可省略 2 可用that 2 不用that 3 可用who 代替whom 3 不可用who 代替 whom 15 非限制性定语从句 应注意以下几点 16 一 非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导 如 1 I like the book which was bought yesterday 我喜欢这 本书 这是昨天买的 2 I like the book which that was bought yesterday 我 喜欢昨天买的那本书 二 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导 要用for which 代替why 如 1 I had told them the reason for which I didn t attend the meeting 我已经把理由告诉了他们 为此我没有去开 会 2 I had told them the reason why I didn t attend the meeting 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由 限制性 定语从句 the reason why 是常见搭配 17 三 非限制性定语从句置于句首时 不能用which 引导 关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置 比较灵活 可以放主句前 也可以放主句后 如 1 As I expected he didn t believe me 正如我所预 料的 他不相信我 2 She heard a terrible noise which brought her heart into her mouth 她听到一个可怕的声音 这让她 把心都提到嗓子眼了 18 四 非限制性定语从句由 介词 关系代词 引导时 其中的关系代词不能用as 如 1 He bought the car for more than 20 000 with which his father was angry 他花两万多美元买 了这辆车 他父亲对此很生气 2 I finished my work ahead of time after which I sat some t