高中英语必修三 -课文详解Book 3 -unit 1

必修三 Unit 1 Festivals around the World世界各地的节 日 I Vocabulary take place 发生 beauty n 美 美人 harvest n 2 现在进行时常对应的有now these days等 3 现在完成时常对应的有already not yet just never up to now ever since since 时间点 过去的动作 for 时间段系列 by now等 4 一般将来 时对应的有tomorrow next week month year等表示将来的时间状语 5 一般过去式对应的有yesterday last week month year just now at that time then ago等表示过去的时间状语 二 语态判断依据 1 如果强调动 作的执行者 就使用主动语态 其结构为 动作执行者 I 动作 did 动作承受者 the job 即 I did the job 2 如果强调动作的承受者 或不知道谁是动作的执行者 就使用被动语态 其结构为 动作承受者 the job 动作被动式 was done 其它 必要时可用by引导出动作的执行 者 如by me Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather planting in spring and harvest in autumn 译文 大多 数古代节日是用来庆祝寒冷天气的结束 春天的耕作和秋日的收获 注释 would表示过去的习惯 这种习惯现在也可能依然还有 如 Tom was late for class again this morning He would be late for class Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals 译文 有时 猎人在捕获猎物后 就常常举行庆祝活 动 At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find especially during the cold winter months 译文 在那时 如果寻找食 物很困难 尤其是在寒冷的冬月间 人们就会饿死 注释 starve vt they starve for a large sum of money to finish the work 试题 The company is money A staved for B starving for C starving of D starved 注 be starved of sth 急需 缺乏 Today s festivals have many origins some religious some seasonal and some for special people or events 译文 如今的节日都 有渊源 有的起源于宗教 有的起源于季节性的 有的是由于特殊的人 物或事件而引起的 Festivals of the Dead亡灵节 Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors who might return either to help or to do harm 译文 有 的节日是用来纪念亡灵 或满足先人 他们可能会回来 要么帮助人 们 要么危害人们 注释 honour 1 n 荣幸 eg It has been a great honour your coming to visit me 您来看我 不胜荣幸 2 vt 尊敬 eg 1 We all honour courageous people 我们都尊重勇敢的人 2 Children Obon盂兰盆节 日 should honour their father and mother 孩子们应该尊敬其 父母 3 Lanny had honoured him as a teacher 兰尼尊他为师 4 I am honoured to be asked to speak 我应邀发言 不胜荣幸 5 We re deeply honoured that you should agree to join us 想不到您会同意一起来 真是不 胜荣幸 either or 要么 要么 用来连接两个并列成份 如 1 Either your watches or mine is wrong 不是你们的表不准 就是我的表不 准 2 I have not been to either Paris or Rome 我既没有到过巴黎也没有 到过罗马 For the Japanese festival Obon people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors 译文 像日本的盂兰盆节 人们前去扫墓 点起香烛以纪念祖先 注释 in memory of作为对某人的纪念 eg He founded the charity in memory of his late wife 他兴办那个慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子 Obon日本的盂兰盆节 中国古代以一 七 十月之十五日分称上元 中元 下元 上元是天官赐福日 中元为地官赦罪日 下元为水官解厄日 所以会在中元时普渡孤魂野鬼 中元节 农历7月15日中国民间的传统节日 中元节 在南方 亦称 鬼节 也有说法中元节 是在农历7月14日 节日这天 人们带上祭品 到坟上去祭奠祖先 与清明节上坟相似 在封 建时代 地方官府还命令寺庙的和尚道士设孤魂道场 以祭奠阵亡的军士 中元节时 人们要 焚烧大量的纸钱 它的另一叫法即盂兰盆节 每年农历七月十五日为 盂兰盆节 也称 中元节 一定意义上讲 中元节归属道教 盂兰 盆节归属佛教 有些地方俗称 鬼节 施孤 又称亡人节 七月半 They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth 译文 他们也点亮灯火 演奏音乐 因为他们 认为这会引领祖先回到世上 注释 lead vt 引导 牵引 领导 率 领 指挥 影响 劝诱 vi 通向 导致 1 lead sb to sp 领某人到 某处 eg The path leads us to the small village 2 lead sb to do sth 致使 某人做某事 eg The terrible scene of the film led us to feel frightened with the natural disaster 3 lead to 通向 导致 eg All roads lead to Rome 4 lead sb s doing sth 导致某人做某事 5 lead a life过着 的生活 eg Now I am leading a happy life 6 take the lead夺得领先地位 eg 1 Japan has taken the lead in car production 日本在汽车生产中居首位 2 They took the lead in conducting the experiments 他们带头做试验 In Mexico people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November 译文 在墨西哥 人们在十一月初庆祝鬼节 On this important feast day people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with bones on them 译文 在这个重要的宗教节日 人们吃一些颅骨形状的食物 还吃一些上面带有 骨头 的蛋糕 注释 in the shape of 以 形状 形式 eg 1 The cloud was in the shape of a cock 那云成公鸡形 2 He expressed his gratitude to us in the shape of an invitation to dinner 他请我们 吃饭 表示对我们的感谢 They offer food flowers and gifts to the dead 译文 他们给死者 亡灵供奉食物 鲜花和礼物 The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people 译文 西方的万圣节也有其根源 古时人 们相信死者的灵魂能够回来 It is now a children s festival when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets 译文 现在 万圣节已成为孩子的节日 在这一天 他们可以 化装到邻居家里要糖果 注释 dress up 1 穿上特殊服装 eg They all dressed up to take part in the New Year s party 他们都穿上盛装 去参加 除夕晚会 2 打扮 梳理 粉饰 伪装 eg She dressed the children up 她把孩子们打扮得漂漂亮亮 3 使 装扮成另一种样子 eg He dressed himself up as Father Christmas 他打扮成圣诞老人 If the neighbours do not give any sweets the children might play a trick on them 译文 如果邻居不给糖果 孩子们就会捉弄他们 注 释 play a trick on sb 捉弄某人 开某人的玩笑 play a joke on sb 戏弄某 人 eg Don t play a trick on him any longer and he is angry now Festivals to Honour People纪念性的节日 Festivals can also be held to honour famous people 译文 节日 可以用来纪念名人 The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet Qu Yuan 译文 中国的端午节 又叫龙船节 就是纪念古代著名诗人 屈原 In the USA Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World 译文 在美国 哥伦布日是用来纪念克里斯托弗哥伦布到达新大陆的 India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi the leader who helped gain india s independence from Britain 译文 印度的十月2号是全国节日 以纪念莫罕达斯甘地 他帮 助印度摆脱英殖民统治 获得独立 注释 gain vt 获得 得到 增 加 1 gain by from sth 从 中获益 eg I gained a lot by from my former experience 2 carry