留学作业范文-转基因技术对农业发展的影响

www.cieae.net 留学作业范文-转基因技术对农业发展的影响转基因技术是一项具有丰富知识和经济价值的生物科学技术核心，在促进农业生态可持续发展和确保国家粮食安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在这几年基因作物发展进程上看，转基因作物商业化进展还很缓慢，主粮并没有商业化推广，国家对转基因技术的研发虽然力度很大，但市场反应并不大，大多数人还持观望态度，部分地区还存在市场恐慌情况。转基因作物的发展是时代的潮流，前景广阔，转基因作物市场化推广的实现将有助于提高国家粮食安全。r more than 20 years of development, genetically modified crop products have also changed from early insect-resistant, herbicide-resistant and other initial products to second-generation products that can improve yield and nutrition quality. Although batch after batch of high quality and high yield products have been developed successfully, the complex economic and social impact and the technical level of risk resistance of gm crops in different countries lead to the difference of views on the industrialization of gm agricultural biotechnology in different countries.Since the advent of gm technology in the late 1970s, gm technology has shown great potential in crop variety improvement and species diversity. In March 1986, China launched the "high-tech research and development plan", in which gm biotechnology was listed as a national development priority. After that, gm biotechnology entered the position of national overall strategic planning. In more than 30 years of Chinas vigorous development of gm technology, gm technology has achieved fruitful results, a variety of excellent gm crops from the laboratory to the countryside, and from the countryside to the market. The safety of gm food has become a focus of public opinion, which has affected Chinas gm policy. From the first time to strengthen the management of genetically modified food in the central document no. 1 in 2007 to the careful promotion of genetically modified products in 2016, eight mentions of genetically modified products showed that the central government attached great importance to the issue of genetically modified crops. By 2017, the industrialization promotion of genetically modified crops had been officially included in the national "13th five-year" scientific and technological innovation plan.As a traditional agricultural country with a large population, how to ensure national food security and long-term effective supply of agricultural products has always been the primary task of our government. Therefore, in the marketization of gm crops, the governments management of gm crops and the supervision of corresponding agricultural policies are very important.Since its inception in the late 1980s, Chinas transgenic technology has gone through four development stages:The first stage was from 1986 to 2000. In the late 1980s, the cotton bollworm disaster broke out year after year in Chinas main cotton producing areas, resulting in a long period of "cotton shortage" in the whole country, which posed a great threat to the survival of Chinas cotton farmers and the cotton industry. Moreover, excessive use of pesticides also caused a significant reduction in cotton quality and large-scale ecological environment pollution. After the "cotton shortage" incident, China began to explore and actively introduce the worlds advanced technology. Genetically modified cotton was introduced for the first time and began to be used for production. The laboratory began to develop edible genetically modified crops. The central government formulated the "863 plan" to deepen the study of staple food crops.The second phase was from 2001 to 2009. Chinas transgenic research has begun to change from the stage of local independent innovation to the stage of comprehensive independent innovation. In 2009, huazhong agricultural university developed an inbred line of hybrid genetically resistant rice and transgenic maize, which successfully bred higher yield. New products that are more resistant to pests. In the first decade of the 21st century, China started a major project of breeding new varieties of genetically modified organisms, and gradually established a policy of "accelerating research, promoting application, regulating management and scientific development" for the development of genetically modified crops.The third stage is from 2010 to 2013. After the ministry of agriculture released the safety certificate of gm research results from various institutes, the issue of the safety of gm food as the main food has triggered a heated debate. Supporters pay more attention to the development of Chinas transgenic science and technology, and believe that if China stops or slows down the research on genetically modified food, the transgenic science will fall behind the world in the future. However, the opponents are more concerned about their own interests. For them, the development of genetically modified food science is meaningless, and the absolute safety of genetically modified food cannot be verified, so safety problems have certain risks. Under such circumstances, Chinas research policy on genetically modified staple food gradually became conservative. Since 2009, the approval of new varieties of ge