谈谈直接引语和间接引语

结合新目标人教版八年级英语下册Unit4谈谈直接引语和间接引语山东省东营市利津县汀罗镇第一中学 张树梓 邮编2574521 首先同学们先从概念上理解直接引语和间接引语： 直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语前后加引号，间接引语不必加。现用课本中的句子解释如下：直接引语：Marcia said, “She is having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.”Lana said, “Im mad at Marcia.”间接引语：Marcia said that she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.Lana said that she was mad at Marcia.2. 变直接引语为间接引语的方法：（1）直接引语的主语是第一人称，改为间接引语后要根据意思改变人称，如：Lana said, “Im mad at Marcia.”Lana said that she was mad at Marcia.注：若直接引语为陈述句，改为间接引语时，可以把that 省略。（2）若主语谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语要调整时态。列表如下：直接引语间接引语现在时过去时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变将来进行时过去将来进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去时过去完成时将来时过去将来时将来完成时过去将来完成时通过上表，同学们可以了解Grammar Focus中直接引语与间接引语的变化方式了，如下：Direct speechReported speechI am mad at Marcia.She said she was mad at Marcia. I am having a party for Lana.She said she was having a party for Lana.I go to the beach every Saturday.He said he went to the beach every Saturday.I will call you tomorrow.He told me he would call me tomorrow the next day.I can speak three languages.She said she could speak three languages.注：若直接引语部分是一种客观事实时，时态不变，如：The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.该为间接引语：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.(3) 直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语和动词也要作调整。列表如下：直接引语间接引语指示代词this thesethat those时间状语nowtodaytonight this weekyesterdaylast weekthree days ago tomorrownext weekthenthat day that nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next daythe next week地点状语herethere动词comego(4) 若直接引语为一般疑问句（即倒装语序，改为间接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要用连词if或whether。如本单元Selfcheck部分中的第二题中的“She asked me if she could copy my homework.”就是由直接引语“She asked me, can I copy your homework?”变化而来。同时，如下句：She asked her mum, “Can I go with you?”She asked her mum if she could go with her.以上是结合本单元对直接引语与间接引语的变化做了简单的介绍，同学们，你学会了么？做一下下面的题来自我检测一下吧！ 把下列的直接引语改为间接引语：1 He said, “Did you see him yesterday?”2 He said, “The moon moves around the sun.”3 She said, “ Im coming this afternoon”.4 He said, “ I like it very much.”5 She said, “ I have seen the film. It is good.”6 Emily said, “Shall I do that?”7 The waiter asked, “Is there anything else I can do?”8 John asked, “ Do you understand?”9 He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student?”10 He said , “I dont smoke.”参考答案：1 He asked if I had seen him the day before.2 He said that the moon moves around the sun.3 She said that she was going that afternoon.4 He said that he liked it very much.5 She said she had seen the film and it was good.6 Emily asked if she should do that.7 The waiter asked if there was something else he could do.8 John asked if I understood.9 He asked if I was a teacher or a student.10 He said that he didnt smoke.八年级英语教学设计【教学内容】Unit 4 He said I was hard-working Section A 1a-Grammar Focus【教材分析】本课的教材设置从谈论电视剧剧情开始，以对话的形式引出直接引语和间接引语的应用及转换。通过谈论和学生年龄相仿的电视剧人物，把枯燥的语法知识学习融入情境对话之中，学习如何用英语转述他人的话，学习内容贴近生活，学生学习兴趣高涨。教学内容安排采用听、说结合的方法，让学生在听力、口语练习中，学习新的语法知识，形成正确的语言习惯，提高英语运用能力。【教学目标】知识与能力学习新单词：mad; anymore; direct speech; reported speech了解直接引语和间接引语，以及引语之间的转换。学习如何用英语转述他人的话。What did Marcia say? She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. 在教学过程中培养学生的英语应用能力，合作学习的能力。听力训练也是本课的重点。过程与方法引导学生参与课堂Groupwork 活动，组织学生说话，再由其他学生当堂转述来训练学生进行引语转换。第一教学环节是引语转换训练，第二教学环节是听力能力训练，第三教学环节是教材语言操练，第四教学环节是课堂练习及分组活动。教学过程中应用讲授法、分组学习法。情感态度与价值观引导学生参与课堂Pairwork 和 Groupwork 教学活动，培养他们团结协作的品质。通过教材语言学习，学习有礼貌地交流，养成文明用语的良好习惯。【教学重、难点】本课的教学重点是让学生学习如何用英语转述他人的语，了解直接引语、间接引语，学习如何把直接引语转换为间接引语。本课的教学难点是如何把直接引语转换为间接引语。在间接引语的转换中，注意一些关键动词的时态变化和人称代词的变化。【教学准备】使用多媒体教室，制作幻灯片，列表对比一般现在时态、一般过去时态、一般将来时态、现在进行时态和过去进行时态的概念、构成及典型的时间状语。制作随堂练习的幻灯片，练习间接引语的转换。时态构成意义举例一般现在时态动词用原形，单三形式do, does表示现在的状态，或经常习惯的动作。I am a student.She usually gets up at 6:00.一般过去时态动词用过去式，was; were; did表示过去的状态，或动作。She was thin 2 years ago.She went to Beijing last year.现在进行时态动词为be(am; is; are)+doing表示现在正在进行的动作。She is doing homework.They are playing soccer.过去进行时态动词为 be( was; were)+doing表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。I was watching TV when you called me.一般将来时态动词结构Be(am, is, are) +doing; be (am, is, are) going to do; Will +do; 表示将来的动作或状态。She is going to Beijing tomorrow. We will have no classes next week.【教学步骤】一、第一环节 引语转换训练1、warming up 播放英文歌曲：as long as you love me 激起学生兴趣，活跃课堂气氛。结束后问两个问题。Do you like this song? Do you like listening to music.2、创设引语转换情境的pairwork；问以下三个问题：How do you usually come to school?What were you doing at 8:00 last night?What will you do this Sunday?问三个不同的学生上述问题，板书问题和答案。然后板书What did she/ he say? She said: “I usually come to school by bike.”She said she usually came to school by bike.通过板书，讲解划线部分的两种引语，讲解间接引语的变化规则。要求学生分别用直接引语和间接引语转述另外两个问题的答案。3、请两、三个学生站在讲台上，老师分别问他们 What are you doing now? What instrument can you