沈阳农业大学博士英语课：期末英语-英译汉

第一单元1. The withdrawal of Soviet economic and technical aid in the early 1960s caused trade to shift away from the USSR and its Comecon partners towards Japan and Western Europe. A consistent theme of Chinas foreign trade policies has been the strong emphasis which has been placed on developing trade relations with the Third World countries.20世纪60年代初期，苏联撤回了对中国的经济和技术的支持，这使得中国的对外贸易从苏联和它的经济互助委员会成员国转向了日本和西欧国家。中国对外经济贸易政策的一贯宗旨已经转移到发展与第三世界的贸易关系上。2. A commodity breakdown of Chinas trade shows that fuels accounted for 24 percent of total exports in 1982, food products for 13 percent, textile fibres and mineral ores for 7 percent and manufactured goods(the most important products were textiles, chemicals and machinery and transport equipment) for 55 percent.中国的贸易商品分类表明，1982年燃料占总出口的24%，食品占13%，纺织纤维和矿砂占7%，制造品占55%（最重要的产品是纺织品化工产品机械及运输设备）。3. A wide variety of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport and communications.目前，中国出口各种各样的工业产品，一些发展中国家用中国的资本设备来建设项目，这些项目的领域包括农业林业轻工业食品加工业水利工程和通信行业等。 4. The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 percent per annum between 1978 and 1983,while imports increased by approximately 11 percent per annum.在1978年到1983年期间，以美元计价的中国出口商品的价值平均每年增长18%，同时进口大约每年增长11%。5. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 percent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy.政府意识到国外的技术对现代中国经济起到至关重要的作用，这使得进口额在1978上升50%，取代了对国民经济造成的巨大压力。 （在过去的纪念里，粮食进口迅速下降。1984年，中国已经成为了粮食出口国。在1983年，我国开始出口大豆和棉花。）6. Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication, not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.中国政府意识到引进先进技术对国内工业具有重要的意义，但是中国所需要的是各种层次的技术，而不是西方所理解的那种先进技术。7. Foreign exchange reserves have risen rapidly from approximately US $2.5bilion at end-1980 to US$17 billion (sufficient for approximately eight months imports) by October 1984.Approximately US$12 billion of the countrys reserves are held by the central bank, the Peoples Bank of China, while the balance is controlled by the Bank of China which specializes in foreign exchange business.外汇储备从1980年底的大约25亿美元迅速增长到1984年10月的170亿美元（足以用于大约8个月的进口额）。大约120亿的外汇储备由中央银行和中国人民银行所掌控，其余的由专营外汇业务的中国银行所控制。8. China has shown a much more flexible approach to foreign trade over the past few years and has adopted a series of measures designed to strengthen international economic co-operaton.在过去的几年里，中国的对外贸易表现出非常灵活的方式，并采取了一系列旨在加强国际经济合作的措施。 （鼓励外国在中国举办商品展览，中国自己也参加了一系列在国外举办的商品展览交易会）。9. A series of policies designed to encourage foreign investment have accompanied these trade reforms.一系列旨在鼓励外国投资的政策伴随着这些贸易改革应运而生。10. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced Chinas determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets.中国从外国贷款仍将保持谨慎态度，至少暂时是这样，许多发展中国家所面对的债务问题更加坚定了中国政府的决心，即通过直接投资和一些优惠的融资，而不是通过国际资本市场筹集大额资金来引进外资。11. China has borrowed almost US%2 billion from the World Bank and its affiliates, but a substantial proportion of these loans are still to be disbursed.中国已经从世界银行和它的附属机构贷款了大约20亿美元，但是这些贷款的大部分仍然没有支付。第二单元1. West Germany is still congratulating itself on its success in combining real GDP growth of 2.6% with only 2.4% inflation last year.西德仍然为去年得以使国内生产总值实际增长2.6%的同时将通货膨胀控制在2.4%而沾沾自喜。2. Despite a surge in business investment, domestic demand is still in the doldrums. Thanks to the first installment of a two-stage, $7 billion personal income tax cut, consumer spending should increase 2.5% in 1986, vs. only 1% in 1985. This translates into real GDP growth for West Germany of 2.5% both this year and next.尽管企业方面投资有所上升，但是内需仍然处于疲软状态。幸亏二阶段计划的第一阶段已经完成，才削减了70亿美元的个人所得税，使得1986年的消费水平增长到2.5%，这与1985年的1%形成对比。而且，这将转化成西德今年和来年的2.5%的实际的国内生产总值。3. France has had a recovery that barely deserves the name. Real GDP rose only 1% in 1983 and slightly more than that in 1984.法国的复苏可以说是名不符实。1983年真实GDP仅增长1%，比1984年稍微多一些。4. Reduced imports should give France close to a $3 billion surplus in 1986. The rise in net experts, a small cut in the personal income tax, and a slight increase in business investment will boost the economy.1986年，进口额减少使得法国产生了将近30亿的贸易顺差。出口额的增长，小规模削减个人所得税和商业资本的些许增长都将推动经济的发展。5. But the governments inability to shrink the budget deficit, about 16% of GDP, will keep real interest rates high and curb further expansion.但是政府在消减预算赤字方面无能为力，赤字大约占GDP的16%，这将使得实际利率高并抑制器经济增长。6. For at least two years, economic seers have been alerting the world to the dangers inherent in a recovery dependent on a single co