十五、特殊句式及结构概要

十五、特殊句式及结构,语法精讲,考点一 倒装 (一)完全倒装 1.表示方向、地点和时间的副词、介词短语置于句首用完全倒装。常见的 有:there,here,in,out,away,up,down,from,off,back,over,then,now, in the room,on the wall 等。 Here comes the bus.车来了。 In rushed the angry man.那个生气的男人冲了进来。 Now is your turn.现在轮到你了。 In front of the school gate is a big beautiful garden. 学校门前是一个漂亮的大花园。,特别提示 主语为代词时不倒装。 Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。 Out they rushed.他们冲了出去。 2.表语+连系动词+主语(表语是形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授,还有许多其他客人。 3.such+be+主语 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 这些就是事实,没有人可以否认。,(二)部分倒装 1.“Only+状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时,句子或者主句要 用部分倒装。 Only then did he realize that he had lost his way. 只有在那时他才意识到自己迷路了。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有当他回来时,我们才査明了事实真相。 2.具有否定意义的副词或短语如not,nor,neither,never,seldom,rarely, hardly,little,by no means,at no time,in no way,under no circumstances等位于句首时,句子用部分倒装。 Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent. 他以前很少见过如此有天赋的孩子。 By no means shall we give up.我们绝不会放弃。,3.在以下几个固定句式结构中,句子使用部分倒装。 (1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 They love having lots of friends.So do those with disabilities. 他们喜欢拥有许多朋友,残疾人也是如此。 特别提示 o表示“是的,确实”,重复上文,表示赞同对方的观点时,主谓语不倒装。 It is too hot. So it is. 天太热了。 是啊,的确很热。,(2)neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语。 I dont know who he is,nor do I want to know. 我不知道他是谁,我也不想知道。 (3)在such/ so.that .结构中,“so/such +被修饰词”位于句首时,主 句用部分倒装。 So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others. 他跑得很快,远远领先于其他人。 (4)neither.nor.结构位于两个分句的句首时,用部分倒装。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it. 我不知道这件事,我也不在乎。 (5)在not only .but (also).结构中,not only位于句首时,第一个分句 用部分倒装。 Not only do I like painting,but I (also) take a course. 我不但喜欢画画,而且还上了绘画课。,特别提示 此结构连接主语时不倒装。 Not only he but also his parents are sick. 不但他而且他父母也病了。,(6)not until .位于句首时,句子或主句用部分倒装。 Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. 直到我儿子上了大学他才知道时间的重要性。 (7)在hardly.when./no sooner.than.结构中,hardly/ no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。 Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.她一坐下就听到有人敲门。 No sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain.她刚踏出家门就下起雨来。,特别提示 这两个结构都要求主句谓语用过去完成时。,(8)as/though引导的让步状语从句可以将句中状语、表语、动词原形提到 句首构成部分倒装。 Pretty as/though she is,she is not proud. 尽管她很漂亮,但她一点也不自负。 Try as he would,he might fail again. 尽管他还会尝试,但可能还会失败。 特别提示 单数可数名词表语提前时,省略其前的不定冠词。 Child as he is,he knows a lot. 虽然他还是个孩子,但他懂很多事。 (9)虚拟条件句若有had,were,should时,可省略if,从句用部分倒装。 Were I you,I would take his advice. 如果我是你,我会接受他的建议。 Should it rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨,运动会将会推迟。,考点二 省略 1.状语从句的省略 (1)在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as 等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而从句的主语又与主句的 主语一致或从句的主语是it 时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。 While (we were) walking,we met our old friend Jack. 我们散步时碰到了老朋友杰克。 (2)if so,if any,if possible,if necessary,if not 已看作固定搭配。 If (it is) necessary,ask Mr.Wang to help you. 如果有必要,找王先生帮你。 Errors,if (there are) any,should be corrected. 如果有什么错误,就应该改正。,2.不定式的省略 (1)单独使用动词不定式符号to,用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常在 be afraid/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean, prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish 等的后面。 She wants to come but her parents dont allow her to (come). 她想来但她父母不让。 Will you join in the game? 你愿意加入游戏吗? Id be glad to. 我很愿意加入。 (2)如果不定式中含有be,have,通常保留be和have。 He is no longer what he used to be. 他不再是原来的样子了。,3.Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答语,后面常省略 宾语从句,跟so与not分别表示肯定或否定的内容。 Do you think it will rain? 你觉得会下雨吗? I hope not (that it will not rain). 希望别下。 Do you believe our team will win? 你觉得我们队会赢吗? I guess so (that our team will win). 我想会的。,4.其他省略 (1)What if.?句式。表达“要是/即使怎么样?” What if this plan of yours fails? 要是你的计划失败了怎么办? (2)What/How about.?句式。常用来提出建议或征求对方意见。 What/How about going to a movie this weekend? 这周末去看电影怎么样? (3)Why/Why not.?句式。后跟动词原形询问“为什么/为什么不”。 Why not go and ask the teacher for help? 为什么不去向老师求助呢?,考点三 强调句型 1.强调句的基本句型是“It is/was+被强调的部分+ that/who +其他部 分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。 It is only children who will make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。 2.强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前,特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问 词+ is/was + it + that+其他部分”。 Was it in this market that you bought the TV? 你是在这个市场买的电视吗? Where was it that he got the information? 他是从哪里弄到这个信息的?,特别提示 “it is.that .”结构不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语,用“助动词do,does或did+动词原形”来实现,意为“的确;真的;务必”。 Do sit down.务必请坐。 He did say that he would help me. 他的确说过他会帮我的。 考点四 there be结构 1.there be结构的谓语形式 there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be,happen to be,be likely to be 或remain,stand,lie,go,exist,follow,live,come,occur 等替换。 There seems to be something wrong with the machine. 好像机器出了点问题。 There is likely to be an important meeting tomorrow. 明天很可能会有一次重要的会议。 Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple. 从前,那座庙里住着一个老僧侣.,2.there be结构的非谓语形式 What is the chance of there being an election this year? 今年举行选举的可能性有多大? (there be的动词-ing形式作介词 of的宾语) I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. 我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。 (there be的动词不定式结构作动词expect的复合宾语),填空或填写括号内单词的正确形式。 1.It was only after he had read the papers Mr.Gross realized the ta