美国essay写作-美国的女性主义法学

essay写作网（www.lxws.net）-专业留学生作业辅导中心美国essay写作-美国的女性主义法学American feminist jurisprudence, as a branch of feminist theory, was born out of the second feminist movement in the 1960s. Feminism, starting from the relationship of law, analyses deeply the traditional law ideology, reveals the law in the maintenance of the center of the patriarchy and male ideology plays an important role, attacked the current legal system in revealing or implicit gender discrimination and hidden behind the ideology, and stand in the position of women, by women experience to build a law for the purpose of feminism in order to realize gender justice system. In addition, the research scope of feminist jurisprudence also involves feminist epistemology, methodology, the protection of women's rights and interests of people of color and the third world, and the protection of the rights and interests of people with disabilities, homosexuals and other marginalized people. As a new school of law, feminist jurisprudence has produced many important and far-reaching influences in the American legal field.美国女性主义法学作为女性主义理论的一个分支，诞生于20世纪60年代的第二次女性主义运动。女权主义,从法律的关系出发,深入分析了传统法律意识形态,揭示了法律在维护父权制和男性中心的意识形态起着重要的作用,攻击目前暴露或隐性性别歧视的法律体系和隐藏背后的意识形态,并且站在女性的立场,由女性经验来构建一个法律为目的的女权主义为了实现性别的司法体系。此外，女性主义法学的研究范围还涉及女性主义认识论、方法论、对有色人种和第三世界妇女权益的保护、对残疾人、同性恋者等边缘人群权益的保护等。摘要女性主义法学作为一门新兴的法学流派，在美国法学界产生了许多重要而深远的影响。Women, as "half the sky" of human society, are the group that has been oppressed the longest and the most. Since the "historic failure of women", men, even the most oppressed men, have been able to oppress at least one person, his wife. Women fought long and hard for equal status and rights with men. It wasn't until the 19th amendment to the U.S. constitution came into effect in the 1920s that American women had the same right to vote as men.妇女作为人类社会的“半边天”，是受压迫最久、最严重的群体。自从“女性的历史性失败”以来，男性，甚至是最受压迫的男性，都能够压迫至少一个人，他的妻子。妇女为争取与男子平等的地位和权利进行了长期而艰苦的斗争。直到20世纪20年代美国宪法第19条修正案生效，美国女性才享有和男性一样的选举权。However, women were disappointed to find that DE facto inequality between the sexes persisted even though the law granted women the same civil rights as men. With the rise of the second feminist movement, a variety of feminist thoughts are springing up. At the same time, with the increase of female workers in the American legal and legal fields, feminist scholars have new theoretical weapons and practical experience, and can re-examine traditional jurisprudence.然而，妇女失望地发现，尽管法律赋予妇女与男子同样的公民权利，两性之间事实上的不平等仍然存在。随着第二次女权主义运动的兴起，各种各样的女权主义思想层出不穷。同时，随着美国法律和法律领域女性工作者的增加，女性主义学者有了新的理论武器和实践经验，可以重新审视传统法学。The representative school of feminist jurisprudence in this period is the liberal feminist jurisprudence. This school of thought denies the difference between men and women. Since gender is the result of individual choice, women can choose to be as rational as men and therefore should enjoy the same rights as men. In addition, they wanted to legislate for women to have the same right to education, employment and other rights, but they did not think deeply about the existing legal system itself.这一时期女性主义法学的代表学派是自由主义女性主义法学。这个学派否认男女之间的差别。由于性别是个人选择的结果，女性可以选择和男性一样理性，因此应该享有和男性一样的权利。此外，他们希望立法使妇女享有同等的受教育、就业和其他权利，但他们没有深入考虑现有的法律制度本身。The two most influential schools in this period were cultural feminist jurisprudence and radical feminist jurisprudence. Cultural feminist jurisprudence, on the basis of criticizing liberal feminist jurisprudence, puts forward that the equality between men and women should be realized on the basis of recognizing the differences between men and women, but opposes the gender hierarchy based on the differences between men and women. However, the radical feminist scholars believe that the inequality between the sexes is not caused by the difference between the sexes, but stems from the patriarchal system, and then point out that the law is "the theory of men" and "the ultimate embodiment of male power in a patriarchal society". Therefore, they are not only satisfied with the revision of the legal provisions, but also devoted to the criticism of the legal system and ideology that uphold the patriarchy. These two schools respectively formed the "difference theory" and "domination theory" in the feminist theory, and triggered a long-term debate within the feminism.这一时期影响最大的两个学派是文化女权主义法学和激进女权主义法学。文化女性主义法学在批判自由主义女性主义法学的基础上，提出男女平等应在承认男女差异的基础上实现，但反对以男女差异为基础的性别等级制度。然而，激进的女权主义学者认为，性别之间的不平等并不是由性别差异造成的，而是源于男权制度，并指出法律是“男人的理论”和“男权社会中男性权力的最终体现”。因此，他们不仅对法律条文的修改感到满意，而且致力于对维护父权制的法律制度和意识形态的批判。这两个学派分别形成了女性主义理论中的“差异论”和“支配论”，并在女性主义内部引发了长期的争论。At the end of 1980s, due to the emergence of various social problems and the "anti-criticism" of mainstream jurisprudence, the three major feminist jurisprudence appeared before all fell into a low ebb. At this time, the post-modernism jurisprudence school just separated from the post-critical jurisprudence school and obtained considerable development. Postmodern feminist jurisprudence does not recognize the objectivity, neutrality and univer