振动噪声常用名词术语解释
2页1、振动噪声常用名词术语解释振动噪声常用名词术语解释 振动:The oscillatory (back and forth) motion of a physical object. 噪声:Any component of a transducer signal which does not represent the variable intended to be measured. 固有频率(振动中最重要的概念):The frequency of free vibration of a mechanical system at which a specific natural mode of the system elements assumes its maximum amplitude. 强迫振动:The response vibration of a mechanical system due to a forcing function (exciting force). Typically, forced vibration has the same frequency as
2、that of the exciting force. 自由振动:Vibration response of a mechanical system following an impulse-like initial perturbation (change of position, velocity or external force). Depending on the kind of perturbation, the mechanical system responds with free vibrations at one or more of its natural frequencies. 绝对振动:Vibration of an object as measured relative to an inertial (fixed) reference frame. Accelerometers and velocity transducers measure absolute vibration typically of machine housings or struc
3、tures; thus they are referred to as seismic transducers or inertial transducers. 简谐振动:Sinusoidal vibration with a single frequency component. 赫兹:(Hz) Unit of frequency measurement in cycles per second. 频率:The repetition rate of a periodic vibration per unit of time. Vibration frequency is typically expressed in units of cycles per second (Hertz) or cycles per minute (to more easily relate to shaft rotative speed frequency). In fact, since many common machine malfunctions produce vibration which
4、has a fixed relationship to shaft rotative speed, vibration frequency is often expressed as a function of shaft rotative speed. 1X is a vibration with a frequency equal to shaft rpm, 2X vibration is at twice shaft rpm, 0.5X vibration with a frequency equal to one-half shaft rpm, etc. 振幅:The magnitude of periodic dynamic motion (vibration). Amplitude is typically expressed in terms of signal level, e.g., millivolts or milliamps, or the engineering units of the measured variable, e.g., mils, micro
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